Introduction. The article addresses current philosophical problems of post-nonclassical science related to the analysis of machine learning-based intelligent systems. It contains a comparative analysis of constructivist and realistic approaches to identify the heuristic potential of radical constructivism in building a flexible functional architecture for AI.

Methodology and sources. The research is based on a comparative analysis of realistic and constructivist approaches. Its methodological apparatus includes the principles of operational closure and cognitive construction of reality, developed in the works of E. von Glasersfeld, J. Piaget, and their followers. The central thesis is the interpretation of knowledge not as a reflection of objective reality, but as a construction, the criterion of which is functional suitability for solving problems. This is reflected in modern machine learning concepts, such as reinforcement learning.

Results and discussion. It is demonstrated that the key principles of constructivism – the operational nature of knowledge, the iterative construction of cognitive structures, and the pragmatic criterion of viability – offer solutions to AI problems such as the “black box” problem, static nature of models, and contextual data dependency. This is achieved by rethinking machine learning as a process of active construction of functional representations and shifting the focus from accuracy to functional adequacy in specific applied contexts.

Conclusion. The developed tenets of radical constructivism help to rethink the nature of data and models in machine learning and open up prospects for a deeper analysis of the requirements for iterative and adaptive learning architectures and the development of artificial intelligence systems.

Introduction. In this article, a concept of human freedom is constructed, that implies the realization of notional integrity in the structures of social plurality. The goal is to expand the understanding of freedom in the optics of humanistic philosophizing.

Methodology and sources. The author refers to the texts of J.-P. Sartre, M. Heidegger and P. Sloterdijk. The continuity of these texts is arranged chronologically and conceptually. The research method is interpretation through notional limitation (M. Heidegger).

Results and discussion. The concept of freedom is represented temporally and topologically. Here a person goes beyond their own limits into a multiplicity of projections of social possibilities. The exit process is understood as a movement from the prescriptiveness of a single definition of essence (the position of das Man) to a borderline state that opens up a horizon of variant and/or invariants of social freedom. The discovery of the horizon at the point of here-and-now allows a person to choose and cast a new integrity onto their own being, thereby re-constructing existence within the communicative boundaries of social co-presence.

Conclusion. As a result, it is possible to establish that the freedom of human existence is fully defined and redefined in the mutual understanding of the essence and existence on the border between individual and social involvement.

Introduction. This article examines a problem in the field of analytical philosophy of fiction. The author identifies criteria for specifying statements about fiction. The aim of the article is to demonstrate a number of problems in realistic theories of fictional characters related to the replacement, ignoring, and narrow interpretation of fiction.

Methodology and sources. To achieve the goal of the study, the author uses the method of conceptual analysis. The article analyzes the most influential theories of the ontological status of fictional characters: Neo-Meinongian theories, David Lewis' fictional possibilism, Peter van Inwagen's abstract realism, Amy Thomasson's abstract artifactualism, and Kendall Walton's theory of pretense.

Results and discussion. Fictional possibilism brings the concept of fiction closer to the concept of possibility, which has counterintuitive consequences. Neo-Meinongian theories do not set specific criteria for fiction; for them, statements about fiction and statements about reality equally claim to express literal truth. This creates a problem for the analysis of real objects mentioned in fiction. It is unclear what properties should be attributed to these objects – real or fictional. Abstract realism and abstract artifactualism divide statements about fiction into fictional and metafictional. The former characterize the properties of objects in fiction, the latter – their properties in reality. This creates a problem of analyzing mixed statements in which both types of properties are attributed to an object at the same time. It is demonstrated that the most adequate concept of fiction is used by anti-realistic theories, which define fiction through participation in pretense.

Conclusion. The author raises the question of the criteria for statements about fiction and identifies a fundamental problem for realistic theories of fictional characters: the interpretation of fiction in them is replaced, ignored, or overly narrow. This does not allow for a uniform analysis of statements about fiction based on these theories. The author suggests using broader interpretations of fiction, as they avoid the problems mentioned and have greater explanatory potential.

Introduction. This article substantiates the relevance of the mutual appeal of philosophy to theater and theater to philosophy. The article's research centers on theatrical presence, which unfolds the metaphysical meaning of theater.

Methodology and sources. The research draws on methods from the history of ideas (A. Akhutin, G. Teichmüller) and the relatively new disciplines of “philosophy of theater” (M. Kobrinets, A. Guyer) and “anthropology of theater” (L. Kolyankevich). The range of sources includes both historical evidence from the history of theater and philosophical reflection on it, primarily from existentialism (G. Marcel, M. Heidegger) and deconstruction (J. Derrida, F. Lacoue-Labarthe).

Results and discussion. Within the context of the history of ideas, theater appears as a dramatic universe of life, a “concrete metaphysics”, a boundary situation, as a site of primordial production and the cancellation/closure of performance in Artaud's “theater of cruelty”. The latter, as a poetic utopia, challenges the metaphysics of representation and asserts itself as a place of “an unrepresentable living present” or pure presence. A retrospective on the history of Western metaphysics reveals how closely theater is intertwined with philosophical thought. Theater offers its own answers to the “school” metaphysical questions about the unity and identity of essence, the status of universals, and the psychophysical problem: the emptiness of the actor's presence, the playful spirit of life, the discovery of consciousness embodied in the body-mind. This is the metaphysical territory that theater opens beyond the oppositions of modern European philosophy.

Conclusion. Thus, theater can be seen as an organon of the metaphysics of presence, the specific possibilities of which are revealed primarily in the spacemaking of the world. This understanding allows us to look at the history of theater as the history of presence, as exemplified by certain narratives. Its fundamental mode, then, is an intermediate, neutral position between religion and politics, the sacred and the profane, which either sanctions representation or abolishes it for the sake of affirming pure presence.

Introduction. The article is devoted to the analysis of the ideas of phenomenology and conventionalism. The formation of two research paradigms, which took place during the revolution in the view of scientific knowledge, gave rise to new research programs that rethink the nature of scientific knowledge. The phenomenological analysis of the essence and the conventionalist analysis of the language of theories made it possible to clarify the meaning of the underlying concepts of scientific theories. Each of them focuses on the phenomenon of idealization and a special understanding of the structure of scientific fact, which becomes the main topic of discussion in the article.

Methodology and sources. The results of the study were based on comparative analysis of texts by E. Husserl (“Philosophy as a rigorous science”, “Ideas for pure phenomenology and phenomenological Philosophy”), physicist A. Poincare (“On the value of science”), and the works of Russian philosophers, representative of postpositivism and researchers in the field of conventionalism: S.N. Koskov and S.A. Lebedev. The article uses an analytical method to clarify and compare the main provisions and concepts of Poincare's concept of “scientific fact” and the essence obtained during the idealization of E. Husserl, which made it possible to define the convention as a means of idealization and to fix its place in science.

Results and discussion. A comparison of the two methodological paradigms of scientific knowledge has shown similarities and differences in their understanding of experience and in their view of scientific knowledge. A scientific convention becomes not just a definition of the meaning and significance of a linguistic expression, but a means of idealizing and fixing a certain level of scientific knowledge and knowledge of scientific fact. Thus, phenomenology and conventionalism represent the leading trends of twentieth-century philosophical thought, which reflect the main scientific changes of that time.

Conclusion. The phenomenological solution to the problem of cognition differs from the conventionalist one. However, they find common points of intersection in the issues of idealization and manifestation of scientific fact, which necessarily creates the need for further study of these paradigms of scientific knowledge. The necessary continuation of research in this area is due to the interpenetration and synthesis of the two research programs.

Introduction. This article dwells on the metaphorical construction of the U.S. healthcare system's image in online discourse following the assassination of UnitedHealthcare's CEO. The scientific novelty lies in a sociological interpretation of metaphors that construct social institutions’ images and legitimize public assessments and forms of collective action. The relevance of the study stems from the high conflict potential of healthcare, the commercialization of medical services, and social inequalities in access to treatment.

Methodology and sources. The theoretical framework draws on the theory of metaphor by G. Lakoff and M. Johnson, critical discourse analysis, and sociological approaches to metaphor as a tool of social construction. The empirical base consists of 5,229 comments on materials published by the international media outlet MailOnline concerning the killing of B. Thompson, CEO of the largest U.S. insurance corporation. The study employs thematic analysis and lexicographic content analysis using the AntConc software; selection was based on the frequency and semantic salience of lexical units and metaphorical collocations.

Results and discussion. The analysis reveals two primary objects of metaphorization: the healthcare system, including its financial and economic attributes, and the managers who ensure its operation. Through their discussion, users establish a dichotomy of “victims versus a dehumanized system”, a framework that legitimizes the violence committed. This user-generated discourse signals a profound social crisis and points to a potential for solidarity among parts of society in opposition to corporate domination.

Conclusion. In post-event online discourse, metaphors function not only as rhetorical elements but also as epistemological mechanisms that shape collective understandings of the healthcare crisis and define the frameworks of social responsibility, moral evaluation of institutional order, and protest mobilization.

Introduction. Algorithmization is rapidly penetrating the economy, management, and everyday life, becoming a source of new social differentiation, inequality, and increased control, while the scale and intensity of its implementation vary sharply between countries and regions. In these circumstances, analyzing the social consequences of AI is becoming one of the key tasks of contemporary sociology.

Methodology and sources. The article uses theoretical-analytical and historical-sociological approaches based on the concepts of digital and algorithmic inequality, critical theory of digitalization, and sociology of technology. The empirical and analytical basis of the study consists of official statistics, sociological research materials, reports from research centers, as well as works by Russian and foreign authors on algorithmization, artificial intelligence, and the transformation of social structures.

Results and discussion. It has been shown that artificial intelligence algorithms act as an independent factor of social differentiation, forming a new level of digital inequality. The scale and directions of algorithm implementation in various countries and regions of Russia are revealed, and the risks of labor market transformation, increased social control, and the reproduction of hidden forms of discrimination in conditions of algorithmic rationality are analyzed.

Conclusion. The algorithmization of social and economic processes requires a rethinking of classical sociological approaches to the analysis of inequality. Algorithmic inequality is viewed as a stable structural characteristic of modern digital reality, which highlights the need for its conceptualization and further empirical research within the framework of sociological science.

Introduction. The article examines the paradox of low demographic indicators in the context of high declarative importance of family and religion. Classical models suggesting a direct relationship between religiosity and reproductive attitudes do not work in Russia, which highlights the need to identify mediating mechanisms. The purpose of this study is to explore the mediating role of social capital in this relationship using the example of student and Cossack youth.

Methodology and sources. The study was based on P. Bourdieu's concept of two forms of social capital: real and declared. The study used a comparative design based on a questionnaire survey of 719 students at a technical university (potential declared capital) and 176 representatives of Cossack youth (potential real capital). Moderated mediation analysis was used to test the hypotheses.

Results and discussion. A fundamental difference in the nature of the relationship between religiosity and reproductive attitudes has been identified. Among Cossack youth, religiosity, as a real social capital, is integrated into a holistic traditional profile with high reproductive attitudes. Among student youth, religiosity is often a declared social capital, which leads to a “fragmented identity” (especially among girls) and a weak connection with reproductive attitudes. The mediation analysis confirmed that social capital significantly mediates this relationship only in religious groups.

Conclusion. The effectiveness of the influence of religiosity on reproductive attitudes is determined by the type of social capital. The practical significance of the work lies in the need for differentiated policies: for students, the transformation of declared social capital into real capital through the creation of cohesive communities, and for the Cossacks, the support of an institutional environment that reproduces the traditional way of life.

Introduction. The relevance of this article stems from the need to overcome the limitations that hinder the active involvement of university research in macroregions in the sustainable development of the country and its constituent entities, as well as the development of university research itself. One such limitation is the underutilization of the potential of university educational communities in academic and industry-specific research. This study aims to identify the specific activities of research and teaching staff (R&T), student, and administrative and management staff (AMS) communities as actors in the development of the university segment of the scientific space in the Ural Federal District (UFD).

Methodology and sources. The study draws on community and activity-based approaches within the framework of theories of social community and theories of action and interaction as applied to higher education. The empirical base is a combination of statistical data from RosStat, the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, and the Russian Science Citation Index (RSCI), along with the results of two waves of expert interviews with research, teaching, and administrative staff at universities in the Ural Federal District, 2024–2025 (Ntotal = 116).

Results and discussion. A theoretical and empirical study was conducted on the role of these scientific and educational communities in the development of university science. The characteristics of their publication activity were identified, and the elements and connections of consolidation of these communities within the university scientific space were defined. The concept of "scientific agency of university scientific space actors" was formulated. Regional data were collected on the number of researchers – doctors and candidates of science – as the main driving force of science in the Ural macroregion, and the number of Ural Federal District university communities – staff with academic degrees – was calculated. Data on the publication activity of university RSCI communities by region was analyzed. A conclusion was reached that publication activity is independent of the status and size of the university. The consolidation of scientific and educational communities is examined as a unity of group cohesion, autonomy in choosing research tracks, and the ability to self-identify and self-organize. Using interview transcripts, the specifics of their manifestation are demonstrated.

Conclusion. It is concluded that the subjectivity of scientific and educational communities is most pronounced in the scientific space of the universities themselves, and least pronounced in the sectoral science segment. Ecosystem models of university scientific space organization are proposed as a way to increase the influence of the communities under study. The objective is to study the practices of interaction and social participation of university scientific and educational communities in the development of science and to determine the parameters of this model.

Introduction. The article analyzes the impact of digital technologies on the preservation of linguistic and cultural identity in the translation process, and identifies the problems and opportunities that arise in the context of global multilingualism. The purpose of the study is to study the features of using digital resources and platforms for translation and to assess their impact on the accuracy of the transmission of meanings and cultural codes of the text. The scientific novelty of the research lies in an integrated approach to the study of digital translation as a means of forming a global semantic space while preserving linguistic and cultural identity and in developing recommendations for adapting texts in a digital environment, which expands existing ideas about the interaction of technology and culture in translation practice.

Methodology and sources. The methodological basis of the work includes a comparative analysis of the capabilities of modern online translators, content analysis of digital texts, and observation of translation practices on social networks and multimedia platforms.

Results and discussion. The research solves the following tasks: identifying the specifics of digital translation tools, analyzing the risks of standardization and loss of cultural characteristics, assessing the role of the translator as an intermediary between the global language space and local cultural realities, as well as exploring the educational potential of digital technologies for training specialists in the field of intercultural communication.

Conclusion. The results show that digital tools ensure high translation speed and accessibility of content, but at the same time pose risks of simplification of language forms and partial loss of national cultural elements, which requires the intervention of a professional translator.

Introduction. The relevance of this study stems from linguistics' interest in describing the functional varieties of discourse, particularly the communicative practices of modern English, shaped by the situational-regime parameter of discourse.

Methodology and sources. The study is based on an interdisciplinary approach integrating qualitative linguistic methods, particularly the interpretive method, as well as social network theories, the diffusion of innovations, and speech community theory. The empirical analysis draws on data from a subcorpus of electronic communication texts, part of the British National Corpus (BNC2014), comprising approximately 5 million words.

Results and discussion. It has been established that digital communication is characterized by its own discursive norms that determine the communicative behavior of its participants. The specific nature of digital communicative practices is determined by the need for original information presentation and the formation of sociolinguistic identity in virtual communicative communities, which are expressed through linguistic innovations reflecting the substantive-formal, tonal-pragmatic, and genre-stylistic characteristics of digitally mediated communication. Neologisms, register and style switching, violations of spelling, grammar, and stylistic norms, as well as the active use of multimodal resources, including emojis, memes, and GIFs, serve as means of phatic communication and serve a primarily entertaining function, serve as markers of sociolinguistic identity and originality. It is concluded that digital discourse is a complex communicative phenomenon that is transforming modern English while preserving its functional integrity. The theoretical and practical implications of the findings for sociolinguistics, digital literacy, and language education are discussed, highlighting the need to recognize digital communicative practices as legitimate and socially determined forms of linguistic expression.

Conclusion. The proposed methodology can be used for further study of online discourse genres and their communicative characteristics in the context of globalization.

Introduction. The article explores the representation of Chile in the public discourse of President Gabriel Boric, whose speeches embody the renewed rhetoric of a younger generation of political leaders attuned to societal change and public demands. The study’s originality lies in its analysis of how the image of a “renewed Chile” is constructed within the context of the nation’s cultural and ethnic diversity and its rapid socio-economic development, based on Boric’s public addresses from 2023 to 2025. The relevance of this research is underscored by the growing scholarly interest in persuasive strategies in Latin American political discourse, particularly from linguo-pragmatic and sociolinguistic perspectives.

Methodology and sources. The theoretical and methodological framework draws on research in linguoculturology, image studies, political linguistics, and linguopragmatics. The empirical material comprises 250 speeches delivered by President Boric between December 2023 and September 2025.

Results and discussion. The analysis reveals the linguistic means employed to construct Chile’s image, articulated through three dimensions: (a) the country, (b) the nation (the people), and (c) power (the political elite and the president). Within this framework, Chile is depicted as a strong and prosperous state, its people as hardworking and honest, and its leader as responsible and empathetic. The strategic use of emotional expression fosters closeness with the audience and highlights the leader’s active engagement in governance.

Conclusion. In today’s sociopolitical context – marked by the need to intensify interethnic dialogue within national borders and enhance Chile’s international standing – Gabriel Boric’s public speeches display significant persuasive power. His communicative goals are supported by a triad of linguistic means: ideologemes, metaphors, and the verbalization of emotion. By articulating his own emotions and appealing to those of his listeners, Boric creates an additional channel for audience engagement. Two dominant motifs thus emerge in this emotional landscape: pride in the nation’s achievements and grief over national tragedies.

Introduction. The article is about identifying the features of the implementation of the communicative strategy of theoretical control in scientific dialogue, the latter being considered as a special form of scientific discourse capable of borrowing elements of everyday communication (including both tactical and strategic features) due to its status of oral public speech. The strategy of thematic control plays a very important role in the tactical-and-strategic system of scientific dialogue and belongs to the so-called organizational/dialogical strategies (O.S. Issers). The relevance to establish the spectrum of tactics of thematic control as well as to identify the specifics of their implementation is predetermined by the necessity to solve both certain theoretical issues (e. g. the importance to identify and describe the nature of the phenomenon of “additional strategies” in various types of discourse) and practical tasks (the need to optimize communication of any kind, primarily in the field of science).

Methodology and sources. The methodological basis of the research is made up of the works by E.G. Zadvornaya, O.S. Issers, M.L. Makarov, T.A. van Dijk, H.P. Grice, M.T. Palmer, etc. devoted to the study of scientific dialogue. Transcripts of modern (no older than 2000) English scientific discussions of various thematic orientation have been used as a source of material. The research is based on both the contextual analysis (focusing on identifying the semantics of communicative units with respect to the conditions and circumstances of communication) and communicative-pragmatic analysis (aiming at identifying the pragmatic load of an utterance).

Results and discussion. The paper identifies a set of tactics that form the strategy of thematic control in scientific dialogue (introducing/declaring the topic of the discussion, developing / preserving the topic, and completing/finishing the topic, each of which is implemented through a number of techniques that can be both cooperative and non-cooperative, axiologically marked or axiologically neutral, stimulating or responsive. The results of the analysis may allow linguists to expand and deepen their understanding of the tactical and strategic system of dialogical forms of communication.

Conclusion. The conclusion about a certain variety of the thematic control tactics as well as about different roles of these tactics in promoting speech interaction in scientific dialogue has been made.

Introduction. This article deals with development of an automation tool for translating fiction texts. The tool is designed to work with sound-symbolic vocabulary. A distinctive feature of the tool is its approach to selecting translation equivalents: the algorithms propose equivalents based on their sound symbolic features. Owing to the rapid development of automated and machine translation technologies, it is the time to address the problem of translating iconic vocabulary.

Methodology and sources. The theoretical foundation of the study is based on the principles of phonosemantics formulated in the works of S.V. Voronin, as well as descriptions of onomatopoeia presented in the studies of S.S. Shlyakhova. The article examines automated translation of sound-symbolic vocabulary through the use of motion verbs listed in the work of N.K. Kheimoinen.

Results and discussion. The result of the study is a functioning tool in the form of a web application. The tool translates sound-symbolic elements from English into Russian by ranking their translation equivalents according to the degree of similarity between the original word and its translation from the perspective of sound symbolism. The calculation of this similarity becomes possible due to a unique approach – comparing the onomatopoeic formulas of the original word and its translations using the Levenshtein distance.

Conclusion. The developed tool successfully accomplishes its task. Moreover, the unique methods it employs for selecting translation equivalents demonstrate the strong potential of this technology.

Introduction. The concept of the “Russian North” represents a historical and cultural region with debatable boundaries, often associated with the term “European North. The region is characterized by multi-ethnicity and close contact between Russians and Finno-Ugric peoples, which has led to the development of a complex, multilayered cultural identity that combines pan-Russian, local, and ethnic elements, manifested in the specific historical and cultural development and linguistic practices of the population.

Methodology and sources. The methodological basis of the study consists of narrative and dialogic approaches, systematic analysis of scientific texts, comparative and contrastive methods, logical and methodological reconstruction, and methods of lingual geography, sociolinguistics, and dialectology. The empirical base consists of publications on issues of cultural identity in studies of the Russian North and the linguistic situation in multiethnic regions.

Results and discussion. The Russian North, in sociolinguistic and cultural-philosophical aspects, represents a zone of long-term interethnic and interlingual contact, where the interaction of Russian and Finno-Ugric languages led to the formation of bilingualism, provoked language shift, and served as the basis for the development of a hybrid identity among the population. Linguistic research (including studies of substrate vocabulary, toponymy, and dialects) confirms the profound influence of the Finno-Ugric heritage on the region's Russian dialects. The current linguistic situation is characterized by the coexistence of the dominant Russian language with vulnerable and endangered indigenous languages (Veps, Izhorian, Votic, Karelian, and others), functioning under conditions of limited use and partial preservation.

Conclusion. Future research into the linguistic situation and cultural identity of the Russian North relies on expanding the empirical base with new sources, including digital language corpora, self-documents (diaries, autobiographies, personal letters), educational literature for bilingual regions, and everyday communication materials. These data will allow for more accurate tracking of identity dynamics in real social and institutional practices.