Introduction. The article offers a comparative analysis of relativism and conceptualism in semantic of PPTs, which will allow us to investigate the properties of PPTs based on the experience of the subject.

Methodology and sources. A key role in the understanding of the truth value of utterances is played by D. Kaplan's two-dimensional semantics and D. Lewis' version of the semantics of possible worlds. These theories are expanded and supplemented in the modern semantics of taste, which are considered in this article on the example of the works of E.G. Bylinina, M. Glanzberg, D. Ninan, H. Pearson, T. Stephenson.

Results and discussion. Author comes to the conclusion that these theories stand on the same ontological and semantic attitudes associated with subjective perception, which help to relativism and contextualism describe the phenomenon of faultless disagreement. However, relativism and contextualism have not been able to explain this puzzle. The author tried to determine the role of this phenomenon in the semantics of taste, for which the role of first-hand experience in the utterances of taste is considered at the article. It is noted that the requirement of first-hand experience is necessary in modern semantic theories of PPTs, because it seems to be the only ontologically justified requirement.

Conclusion. The author comes to the conclusion that requirement of first-hand experience is not a necessary for semantic analysis of PPTs. For that, considering the different reading of individual terms at the end of the article allows us to come to the conclusion that statements of taste express propositional attitude.

Introduction. The article is devoted to the epistemology of communicative knowledge. It is argued that the central problem in the analysis of such knowledge is the question of the status of testimony. The author discusses reductionism and non-reductionism as two traditional approaches to the problem of trust to testimony. The aim of the article is to describe the arguments of both approaches and to carry out their critique.

Methodology and sources. The author uses the method of conceptual analysis to address the task at hand. The primary sources of the paper include the works of the classics of the theory of knowledge – D. Hume and T. Reid. The secondary sources include works of modern authors, belonging to the Anglo-American philosophical tradition.

Results and discussion. Reductionism argues that although testimonial beliefs can be accepted on the basis of the reliability of the informant, the testimony itself does not provide justification. Ultimately, reductionism reduces testimony to another source of justification, such as perception or memory. The article explains that reductionism's weakness is to account for normal social interactions when the reliability of the speaker is unknown. Non-reductionism argues that testimony does not provide justification by reduction to other sources. Testimony itself is a valid form of social proof. The informant does not need additional positive reasons to accept the speaker's claims as valid. Testimony is justified by default unless it is proven false or unreliable. However, the weakness of non-reductionism is the relativistic implication in cases of cognitive asymmetry between the informant and the informant.

Conclusion. The article concludes that reductionism and non-reductionism are equally unsatisfactory theories. The author believes that the formation of communicative knowledge does not depend on trust in the informant's testimony. It is proposed to consider the issue of trust in the informant himself as an epistemic agent. It is suggested that such an analysis should start from an virtue epistemology.

Introduction. The purpose of the article is to identify its features and prospects in Russian education, which is possible through the study of educational goals, values, ideals in philosophical and axiological coverage and reflection of modern socio-cultural realities as a reflection of changes in the educational space.

Methodology and sources. The main values and goals of education are analyzed using the axiology of education, based on the methodological framework of the traditional categories of “education as a value” and “values of education”. The problem of developing a new concept of "educational ideal" is discussed.

Results and discussion. The sociocultural process of qualitative changes in the phenomenology of social and individual self-consciousness relates to a greater extent to value coordinates: massovization and individualization (personalization) of the educational space, due to the understanding of “education as a value” (general level) and “values of education” (individual level); free value-oriented institutionalization; and efficiency for all (understanding that the sufficiency or insufficiency of education is determined by the individual himself). The ideal matrix of social and individual value aspirations in getting an education focuses on the problem of ideas about the educational ideal as a philosophical and axiological reflection. The educational model of a person, determined by the structure and nature of the relationship between education and the state, industry, science, culture, family and other public recreations, is more focused on the principle of free institutionalization of the individual.

Conclusion. A constructive reorientation of subjectivity in education from the state-educational paradigm to the free institutionalization of the individual in the educational space is real within the framework of the discussion and new interpretation of the categories “education as a value” and “the value of education”.

Introduction. World-class scientific and educational centers (REC MU) are considered as special social organizations that form one of the promising social institutions in Russia. REC MU are becoming one of the real opportunities to achieve a synergistic effect in the formation of human capital. They are regarded as analogues of think tanks that are dynamically operating in the West and are gaining strength in the countries of the East. The purpose of the article lies in a sociological analysis of the activities of the REC MU and the identification of the prospects for their development as drivers for the formation of the human capital of Russians on the basis of turning to values and motivations, supporting creative and talented Russian youth.

Methodology and sources. The methodological basis of the study was formed by the principles of analysis of social institutionalization, which allow studying the activities of the REC MU as an emerging new social institution with its own rules, norms, reflection and self-regulation. Another part of the methodological principles concerns the consideration of human capital as associated with the value-motivational attitudes of the individual. The empirical base was made up of data from the open press on the structure of activity and the problems of activity, the results of the author's empirical research and expert interviews with the leaders of the REC MU.

Results and discussion. The first result is to fix and analyze the directions and orientations of the activities of the REC MU, which at the normative level form a common system of routes and strategies for their development. The data of this analysis were obtained as a result of the study of publications. The second result of the study fixes the vectors of the reversal of the activities of the REC MU in the direction of the formation of the human capital of Russians in the regions where the REC MU have been created. The data of this result were obtained as a result of summarizing the materials of the author's empirical study of one of the operating universities included in the REC MU. Another result of the study, obtained as a result of expert interviews with leaders and managers of 12 REC MU, shows the problematic field of the institutionalization of these centers.

Conclusion. REC MU as a specific social institution are going through the stage of their formation. As for the activation of the human capital of the regions, this will require additional efforts and potentials, the development and implementation of modern methodologies and technologies for educational activities and information work, in particular, with student youth. The existing gap between value-motivational structures and their exclusion from the system of analysis of human capital is scientifically untenable, but in a practical sense it negatively affects real activity.

Introduction. The relevance of the sociological analysis of traditional values is determined by the need to regulate the growing contradictions between them and human rights at the national and international levels. The scientific novelty consists in the fact that the article highlights analytical perspectives that reveal the relationship of continuity and transformation in the activities of a public subject, and identifies starting points for using the potential of a sociological understanding of traditional values in socio-cultural design.

Methodology and sources. The empirical base of the analysis was made up of official documents of the Russian Federation, materials of the UN Human Rights Council, expert assessments, the results of surveys of the All-Russian Center for the Study of Public Opinion, materials of discussions in the Russian media. The methodology of the system approach, sociocultural analysis, social constructivism, the typological concept of cultural and historical tradition is used.

Results and discussion. In the logic of socio–cultural analysis, traditional values are components of a traditional type of collective organization and a way of transmitting them in a two-part experience that is different from ideological indoctrination. Sociological reflection makes it possible to distinguish them from the values of “traditional society” as a passed stage of social evolution. The system paradigm in sociology conceptualizes the irreducible complexity of values: they are cultural objects, internalized by the individual, institutionalized in the social system. A social subject, through a value-based attitude to heritage, reflexively and constructively establishes cultural and historical traditions as the selected samples of its development are implemented in changing conditions. Fundamental human rights are ensured by access to the resources of their culture. The protection of human rights includes the strengthening of traditional institutions and cultural diversity as conditions for the harmony of intercivilizational and intra-social values. The manifestation of adherence to traditional values in the context of the crisis of globalization is due to the desire to reveal the pathological nature and to stop, through legal, military-political and ideological tools, technically achievable ways of remaking a person who have ceased to be subjected to criminal prosecution and unconditional moral condemnation.

Conclusion. Actualization of meaningful samples of cultural and historical traditions in the socio-political discourse indicates directions for socio-cultural design and performs ideological mobilization tasks.

Introduction. The article describes the impact of the global trend of digitalization on the most vulnerable category of the population. The study of the digital divide is a fairly new area of research in the social sciences. Modern technologies are a part of our lives that influence social processes – in particular, it can increase or reduce social inequality. Modern researchers are finding more and more evidence of the growth of relative inequalities in Internet skills and Internet use. In case if the typical user’s “set” is a smartphone, the Internet and a laptop (or computer), the homeless person’s “set of technologies” may be different or not at all. Studies of the digital divide have already been conducted in large cities of socially and economically developed countries.

Methodology and sources. The object of the study is a group with a low socio-economic status, homeless people, including those who have returned from prison. The study involved 15 respondents from 24 living in the social center at the time of the interview.

Results and discussion. As a result of the analysis of the collected data, some features of the perception of digital technologies and practices of their use were identified. The peculiarities of perception are combined into a group of discursive patterns, the practice of using digital technologies – into a group of behavioral patterns. A good result of sociological research is the refutation of stereotypes that have developed in society. So, it seems possible to identify two main stereotypes. It is believed that mostly the homeless do not have cell phones, but if they do, it is likely a status thing for them. The second stereotype is associated with the repertoire of digital technologies: homeless people likely use non-personalized technologies due to their marginal position. Both stereotypes have been refuted. The unexpected result of the study indicates its absolute relevance and the prospect of further study, including vulnerable groups of the population.

Conclusion. The prospect of future research is the continuation of the study on the example of other organizations and the study of other categories of homeless people (applying for overnight accommodation for one night or not visiting social organizations). It also should be noted, that the possibility of developing new social work practices taking into account the results of the study.

Introduction. This article explores the system of values of the modern manager in the context of social processes, social structure, and the sociology of management. The authors set the task to determine the degree of importance of such “parameters” as gender, age, the length of management activity, etc. in management systems and processes, paying particular attention to the professional priorities and values that contribute to success in business.

Methodology and sources. Based on quantitative and qualitative studies of the works of various authors the management mechanism in the context of modern science is analyzed and the relationship between personality and management style is established through values and the system of values of the person – the theoretical basis of the study. The empirical basis of the study consisted in the data obtained during an in-depth interview in which active managers of different age, length of employment and employment status were interviewed to form an idea of the manager's activity in modern Russian organizations and to determine their professional priorities and values influencing their success.

Results and discussion. As a result of the study, it was found that, since the formation of the manager values is influenced by various social factors and peculiarities of individual development, it is necessary to consider the management activity in the light of sociology. The range of values significant for the manager, personal and those for achieving success in business, is as follows: family, health, systems thinking, implementation of ideas and constant self-development.

Conclusion. The authors conclude that the basis for the modern manager success is not only a good state of internal talent, including with similar values but also his ability to be responsive to all changes and be ready to clearly reorganize and adapt the parts of his business. The inclusion of the systems thinking as a priority value in his management function structure will give an additional advantage in this regard.

Introduction. This paper is aimed at analyzing the songs of the British group “The Beatles”, and the songs of the Russian artist, poet and singer V. Vysotsky for the purpose of their soft skills representation. The relevance of the work is determined by the general, keen interest to the formation and development of social competences as the foundation of improving successful interpersonal relations in the 21st century. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that for the first time the study of soft skills was carried out on the basis of the creative work of the prominent representatives of the Russian and British musical culture of the past century.

Methodology and sources. Due to the fact that the musical creativity of "The Beatles" and V. Vysotsky was considered primarily from the standpoint of linguistic material, the research methodology was based on the principles of linguistic text analysis, such as methods of component, cognitive and discourse analysis. In addition, the paper analyzes the works of domestic and foreign scientists devoted to the basic principles of the formation and development of soft skills of a person today.

Results and discussion. The article demonstrates a new, non-standard approach when working with the mastery and training of soft skills. The development of creative abilities directly depends on the emotional response that the material evokes. Music compositions have a more intense impact on a person, because they combine two components: lyrics and tune. Therefore, the analysis of songs can serve as an additional source of improving creative thinking. Comparison of soft skills representation in Russian and English songs did not reveal any clear distinctive national features of the skills under consideration, which once again proves their universality.

Conclusion. The study of artistic images and metaphors presented in the lyrics of both Russian and English singers can form the basis of a new methodological approach aimed at developing non-standard, creative thinking, which can be applied at various levels of the educational process.

Introduction. The article is a fragment of the research dedicated to the analysis of the German loanwords in the Norwegian language. The adaptation types of German borrowings are considered. The adaptation process is analyzed at the phonetic, morphological, and semantic levels of the language.

Methodology and sources. The research material are the texts from the official websites of the Norwegian cities (Oslo, Trondheim, Bergen, Tromsø and Sandvika). We used descriptive and comparative methods of research and elements of quantitative methods.

Results and discussion. Altogether we analyzed more than 50 articles published on the official webpages of the cities. Using the method of quantitative calculation, we extracted 60 most common German loanwords in these texts for analysis. The total number of words in these articles amounts to 60 524. We analyzed the texts written in the period from 2016 to 2021.

Conclusion. German loans are frequently used in the social sphere of the modern Norwegian language. That’s why we can conclude that despite the increase in the number of English loan-words in the Norwegian language, social discourse is still influenced by German.

Introduction. The article deals with the linguocultural units of value considering them as the main objects of cultural and cognitive analysis to obtain data for compiling nationally oriented lexicographic sources, namely, a nationally oriented linguistic and cultural dictionary for the Vietnamese who study Russian. The authors of the article argue that the implementation of a detailed analysis of value-marked elements that reflect cultural facts and realities, which are rooted in the national linguistic consciousness, is a recurrent theme in modern comparative lexicography. The scientific novelty and significance of the study are based on the practical application of its findings in the field of comparative lexicography, a successfully developing scientific area.

Methodology and sources. The article focuses on a comparative study of phraseological units of Russian and Vietnamese linguocultures. The comparative study is carried out using interpretive analysis as well as analysis of definitions. There are used data from dictionaries of various types.

Results and discussion. The key objects of cultural and cognitive analysis are linguocultural units reflecting the realities of culture and values of a particular nation. The material of the study allowed the authors to consider some characteristics of the conceptual division of the world and of its conceptualization with the assistance of language distinctive for both Russian and Vietnamese linguocultures. Thus, a comparative analysis of Russian and Vietnamese set phrases, which reflect the peculiarities of the national worldview, made it possible to draw conclusions about the existing national and cultural differences between Russians and Vietnamese, and, that is most importantly, about the existing of discrepancies in the attitude of Vietnamese and Russians to certain values - a circumstance, that must be taken into account in development of linguistic and cultural educational lexicography.

Conclusion. The concept of nationally oriented educational lexicography as a special field in a number of other linguistic disciplines aims at fulfilling the tasks of acquiring foreign cultural awareness avoiding any possible interference. The importance of nationally oriented educational lexicography arises from the need to create such teaching aids that will most adequately facilitate the process of foreign language mastering. In our specific case, it will assist a Vietnamese to study the Russian language as a means of intercultural communication.

Introduction. The authors of the article consider one of the interesting technologies in the digitalization segment – a chatbot – from a linguistic point of view. The topic is of particular interest to linguists, since the active development of the digital environment leads to the emergence of new means and forms of speech production and speech perception, with their own distinctive features, patterns and rules of construction. Speech acts in the Internet discourse system within the framework of this work are of key importance: the object of study is located at the intersection of several disciplines (IT, Advertising and PR), but from a linguistic point of view it is practically not considered.

Methodology and sources. To clarify some theoretical inaccuracies in the scientific work, corpus analysis of the texts of English-language and Russian-language web corpus is used. English-language web corpus: “NOW corpus” (News on the Web), “iWeb corpus”, “GloWbE corpus” (Global Web-based English). Russian-language web corpora: “ruTenTen2011” and GIKRYA. The analysis of the features of the construction of speech acts in chatbot communication is carried out on the basis of the language material of English and Russian chatbots in various social networks and instant messengers.

Results and discussion. Corpus text analysis helps to consider the object of study from a linguistic point of view and supplement existing knowledge with linguistic data. The analysis of empirical material based on two languages allows us to compare, identify the characteristics of chatbot communication texts, trace similarities and differences in the cognitive perception of speech, and also find errors in the construction of speech acts.

Conclusion. Systematization of data and a more detailed analysis of such a concept as “chatbot communication” will help in the future to create universal linguistic-cognitive models for bots with a final scenario, which will help to avoid mistakes and make the communication act as successful as possible. Chatbots, from the point of view of the communicative function, when organizing speech acts, must use special rules and linguistic models in order to bring the speech act to success. Just as self-learning bots in the category of artificial intelligence are created with the active participation of linguists, so chatbots in social networks and instant messengers must be subject to uniform linguistic laws.

Introduction. The purpose of this study is to conduct a consistent semantic-cognitive analysis of the PANDEMIC concept based on the material of the pandemic period current media texts. The present study examines the objectification of the PANDEMIC concept in English-language media texts. The relevance of the linguo-cognitive representation study of the concepts of the pandemic crisis discourse is beyond doubt, since the events and phenomena of the crisis period are directly reflected in these cognitive units, with the help of which certain images are constructed in the social consciousness and, thus, public opinion is formed on key socially relevant issues.

Methodology and sources. While constructing the nominative field of the PANDEMIC concept, methods of discursive and conceptual analysis were used, including recourse to the analysis of dictionary definitions and synonymic series, as well as an interpretive analysis of the context based on media texts. The material of the study was the media texts of the news resources selected from March 2020 to January 2022.

Results and discussion. As a result of the study of the PANDEMIC concept, numerous cognitive features were identified. At the core of the PANDEMIC concept there are two cognitive features: harm to health and spread over vast areas. The composition of the near periphery of the PANDEMIC concept included the following cognitive features: encouraging and forcing to vaccinate; using of personal protective equipment; social isolation or quarantine; fighting against the virus. The far periphery of the PANDEMIC concept consists of the following cognitive features: fear and anxiety caused by the virus; the negative impact of the pandemic on the business and economic development of countries; the positive impact of the pandemic on the business and economic development of countries; change in normal routine.

Conclusion. The semantic-cognitive analysis allows for the transition from the semantic component of language units to the content of the concept. The stylistic and phraseological units that make up the figurative component and the interpretive field of the concept provide an opportunity to expand the boundaries of the cognitive unit and construct the image of pandemic even more thoroughly.