Introduction. The paper attempts to find answers to the questions: will it be possible to preserve historical-cultural “face” of the city, or it will disappear under the onslaught of the advanced achievements of civilization; is there an urban space to a reasonable person, who have reached great technological heights, or directed against him; what are the ontological foundations of the modern city? The relevance of the author's approach is the analysis of the “concept” of the city as urogenous spatio-temporal macro model, which not only develops under the influence of the inhabitants, but also determines their worldview and behavior.

Methodology and sources. Methodological basis of the work is the cultural and philosophical analysis of the “concept“ of the modern city in the works of domestic and foreign sociologists, and ethologists, urboecology, philosophers, anthropologists, art historians (V. G. Il’in, R. Park, L. Worth, E. Gorokhovskaya, I. A. Litvinova, V. I. Mathis, G. Simmel, E. Fromm, E. T. Hall, M. I. year-old boy, James W., Jean-Paul Ferrier, Jean-Albert Guieysse, Thierry Rebour, H. W. Zorbaugh, etc.). Used demographic statistics allowing to understand the issues of depopulation, migration and multi-ethnicity of the townspeople.

Results and discussion. In modern culture hypertrophied original function of the city as a source of protection and comfort, it is a shift towards maximum convenience and independence of individuals. In the result, the urban environment is made, adapting to the challenges put forward by society. Historically “face” of the city gets lost. This jeopardizes not only the rich cultural heritage of the cities, but also the authenticity of the existence of the person. The ontological basis of the modern “concept” of the city is defined by urban characteristics: multiculturalism, multi-ethnicity, presentationhost (the image of the city), the superficiality of contact, the spontaneity of development, the blurring of boundaries. They not only make up the text of modern urban culture, but also form a macro model of society.

Thus, the result of the study is the conceptualization of the contradictions of the modern city that provides for a person as comfortable as possible in the consumer environment at the same time directed against him or her.

Conclusion. It is concluded that in the current ecological, demographic and economic situation, the question of understanding the role of modern urban culture in the search for a dialogue between the technogenic and informational development of civilization with nature, the historical and cultural content of the city with its image, and mass consumption with an original manifestation is most acute. The authors believe that it depends only on the person whether the urban space will exist for or against him or her.

Introduction. Interest in the work of avant-garde artists does not wane as they move away from the 20th century. This is due to the fact that the musical avant-garde, becoming a sign of the time, reflected the most important trends of the outgoing era. In the paper, the Soviet musical avant-garde is considered in the historical, cultural and philosophical aspect in the context of the historical era, which determines the novelty of the study. An aspect of novelty is the analysis of music as a sphere of intercultural communication.

Methodology and sources. The research methodology is based on the analysis of sources and literature, taking into account interdisciplinary approaches. A special role in the understanding of the theoretical aspects of the problem play the work of musicologists Yu. N. Kholopova, V. N. Kholopova, V. S. Price, R. L. Pospelova, A. I. Demchenko. Among the sources highlighted in cinema, photo- and phonodocuments, which depicts a vivid image of the era. The interviews with composers, which presents a wide canvas of social and musical life (A. Schnittke, A. Ivashkina entry and volkonskii, recording E. Dubinets) are of considerable interest. Historical, comparative, systematic and semiotic methods of analysis were used. Applies a comprehensive approach (formation and civilization methods of research and the Annales school). This allows for a new approach to the historical era of the middle1950s – 1980s.

Results and discussion. Postwar culture is examined as a single space, in which a special role was played by the impulses of the “thaw”. They gave cultural phenomena such inertial dynamics, which preserves the spiritual maturity of society and produced changes of the 1990s, the results of the study show that in contrast to the political and socio-economic processes, cultural life in these years continued to feel the pulses of the “thaw”. Retaining the inertial dynamics of development, cultural processes have been far from stagnation, which casts doubt on the overall rating this time as the “era of stagnation”. This allows you to put a discussion question on the revision of the political clichés in relation to the period of the middle 1960s – 1980s in the Soviet Union as the “era of stagnation”.

Conclusion. Soviet avant-garde, expressing the spirit of the time, represents the unique phenomenon in which reflected global trends, and the uniqueness of national culture. Experience avant-garde shows that cultural processes of the epoch middle 1950s – 1980s had a high development dynamics. The study of this period, especially in its spiritual sphere, requires interdisciplinary approaches and the use of modern, including foreign methods. Interest methods of the Annales school in its historical retrospect and the “new cultural history”.

Introduction. Socio-philosophical studies of the patterns of conflict being in modern discourse need to be clarified from the point of ontology. The analysis of the conflict specifics of a closed society in an ideological perspective allows us to discover the ontological foundations of self-conflict. In order to empirically reinforce conflict research, the relationship of conflict and ideology should be considered on the basis of specific cases. North Korean sociocultural realities are among the most visible forms of a closed society in modern discourse and provide ample opportunity to comprehend the conflicting reality modeled by ideological tools of influencing the mass consciousness.

Methodology and sources. Methodologically, the work is based on social and philosophical reflection based on direct observations in North Korea during a visit to Pyongyang in the autumn of 2016 and a content analysis of Russian literature acquired in North Korea (works by Kim Il Sung and Kim Jong Il, fundamental scientific works by North Korean scientists and periodicals of an ideological nature).

Results and discussion. Ideology is understood as a variety of views and ideas transmitted to the subject with the goal of reorienting or keeping his perception in a certain mode of sociocultural reality. The subject's ideological programming in modern discourse claims to be a leader in the field of modeling sociocultural life in general and, in particular, the “conflict reality” cluster. The author analyzes the ideological foundations of North Korean conflict reality, laid down by the founder of the state, Kim Il Sung, and continued by his heir Kim Jong Il in the militarized Songun doctrine.

Conclusion. On the base of study of the ideological aspects of conflict reality in the DPRK, it can be concluded that in a closed society, the ontological boundary between the real and the apparent in everyday life is eliminated. At the same time, a closed society with a paramilitary ideology meets the criteria for a successful development for a third world country, as embodied in globalist dogma.

Introduction. Being a universal art form, music in cultural anthropology was understood as a key element of human life throughout the world, represented in a variety of genres, ways of processing sounds, creating harmony, creating song folklore that reflects all aspects of human life. Ethnomusicology, as a unique research field, combined an interest in music both in the form of art and in its sociocultural context. This paper is devoted to the research activity of J. Herzog, thanks to whose efforts the study of folk “primitive” music went beyond musicology and diversified the subject area of cultural anthropology. The relevance of this study is due to the fact that the name of Herzog and his views are not well known in Russia, except for specialized areas of ethnographic and musicological nature.

Methodology and sources. As a methodological basis, a comparative historical methodology and a structural-functional method are used to study scientific texts and subsequent processing and generalization of the theoretical constructs of G. Herzog. A biographical method wasused as well to understand the context of time and reveal the scientist’s intellectual genesis.

Results and discussion. One of the pioneers in the field of ethnomusicology, G. Herzog used transcription methods and sound analysis in combination with theories and methods of the Boas school, which included the concept of diffusion and the method of field work. Interdisciplinary cooperation in the study of primitive and folk music was an important step for the researcher, since this approach brought the study of folk music to a new level of conceptualization. Herzog was interested in explaining and classifying primitive music and songs in terms of the “root” terms and concepts used by his informants.

Conclusion. The interdisciplinary approach in the use of methods for fixing and interpreting musical material in ethnomusicological research by G. Herzog made it possible to overcome the evolutionary linear methodology of studying the musical culture of primitive peoples and draw attention to the context of performance and performers.

Introduction. The paper considers the problem of cultural identity influenced by the study of ancestry. The scientific novelty of this paper is due to the attention to the psychological aspects of self-identity under the influence of the study of person, her or his ancestry, and, above all, in a situation of detection of undesirable information about his or her family's past. It is hypothesized that motifs associated with the need to rethink its social role in terms of responsibility for the acts of their ancestors, do not play a significant role in the study of family history.

Methodology and sources. The paper analyzes the results of the pilot Internet study conducted to determine the motives and methods of the study of person's ancestry, as well as the stability of interest in this activity. The target audience of this study were all who are interested in learning their ancestors, regardless of age or occupational category. The questionnaire used was semi-closed. A total of 154 people were interviewed.

Results and discussion. The results showed that 46.8 % of respondents interest in their ancestry has a playful nature; 37.0 % desire through your family history to better understand the history of their country; 33.0 % of respondents are interested in their ancestry in order to better understand the reasons for their behavior (which is a necessary component of self identification); 32.0 % would like to find ancestors, who could be proud of. Nevertheless, in the case of unsolicited information about the life of their ancestors, are ready to make conclusions about his or her own life less than four percent of the respondents.

Conclusion. The author believes that the paper put forward the hypothesis that motifs associated with the need to rethink its social role in terms of responsibility for the acts of their ancestors, do not play a significant role in the study of family history is confirmed by the results of the study. In case of detection of unwanted results, mainly protective mechanisms are becoming actual, ensuring the preservation of psychological comfort.

Introduction. The main challenge faced by many migrants is problems arising during the integration in host communities. Social work with migrants and their families in Russia is an important area. However, up to now, a systematic understanding of what methods of social works used in government institutions and non-profit organizations with migrants are effective is still lacking. The purpose of the research is to study the state of social work with migrants in Russia and to identify the risk factors and the problems in the course of adaptation and integration of migrants into Russian society.

Methodology and sources. Data for this study were collected using the qualitative method of a survey to assess the practices of social work with migrants. Semi-structured interviews (30 interviews) were conducted in 2017–2019 in St Petersburg, Moscow and Kazan with employees of professional centers for work with migrants, scientists specializing in the study of migration processes in their various aspects, and organizers of regular events (seminars, conferences) on this topic. Sampling was formed using the snowball method to select the most qualified specialists and practitioners. The number of interviews made it possible to cover various areas of social work with migrants, both in government structures and in non-profit organizations, and to examine both the practice of social work and the management sphere. Processing of results was conducted using the method of expert assessments.

Results and discussion. According to the results of interviews, authors identify that the effectiveness of the social works in this sphere is determined by different components of integration with the host community: legal literacy of foreign citizens, increasing their legal security, improving access to health care and education, to housing and the labor market, improving the professional skills of migrants and their knowledge of the Russian language, history and socio-cultural foundations of Russian society.

Conclusion. Based on expert assessments, the most effective practices of social work with migrants in the process of adaptation were identified: legal advice, orientation courses, mobile counseling points where migrants can get advice from a social worker, a lawyer, and a doctor, and mobile applications integrated with state and non-state organizations. The results obtained show that the role of non-profit organizations (national cultural organizations for the preservation and development of cultures, the House of Friendship of Peoples) is growing.

Introduction. Sociology of food and eating studies social practices of diet. It is necessary to include these issues in the framework of sociology of food and eating, such as how people construct food as a social object and organize social practices of diet; and how diet as a social process affects human behavior. This paper aims to show the social nature of diet and reveal the process of knowledgization and institutionalization of food and eating.

Methodology. This article analyzes the social construction of food and eating, focusing mainly on three directions - sociology of things, sociology of knowledge and sociology of food and eating.

Results and discussion. Social construction of food and eating is divided into three dimensions: nominal, measuring and institutional construction of food and eating. Each dimension of construction is determined by the social and structural environment.

Conclusion. In the modern system of food and eating, the nominative, measuring, and institutional type of construction are in a complex and confusing state. Because of the temporal sequence of history, the knowledge system constructed by the predecessors has become "knowledge at hand ". Subsequent generations are gradually unable to recognize the complexity of multilevel social constructs of reality

Introduction. A radical tendency in modern approaches to understanding the mechanisms of the brain is the tendency of some scientists to believe that the brain is a receptor capable of capturing thoughts; the nature of the occurrence of the thoughts themselves, however, is not to be clarified. However, speech expressing thoughts is undoubtedly the result of the work of the brain, so studies of the frequency structure of speech can be the basis for considering the material structure of the brain as a kind of “antenna”. In this approach, the problem of noise protection against the background of the undeniable frequency similarity of speech and music appears to us from somewhat different positions. This study raises the question of how essential the overall height of the musical system is to the perception of music (are there musical systems that are harmful or useful, in terms of their effects on the psyche). This question is also relevant to speech perception.

Methodology and sources. The main sources in which the work of the brain and the essence of consciousness are considered from the positions indicated above were for us the work of American and British neurophysiologists and psychiatrists (Sam Parnia, Peter Fenwick). These scientists are studying the phenomena that accompany clinical death, and argue that at these moments the brain functions to the greatest extent as a receiving “antenna”. Assuming that any antenna is to be tuned, we are trying to identify possible ways to “tune” the brain. To do this, we propose to study the frequency characteristics of speech (in the simplest case, when singing vowels in a calm state) for their belonging to a particular musical system, as well as the peculiarities of music perception depending on the musical system (on the height of the note “la”). Varying the frequency characteristics of speech in a particular musical system can be considered, in our opinion, the main way to “tune” the brain. The methodology of the method is based on the use of frequency analysis of sound and the basic provisions of the elementary theory of music.

Results and discussion. The main conclusion made by Western psychiatrists is the brain is not an organ of thought, consciousness exists independently from outside, the work of consciousness cannot be explained by the functioning of the brain – it requires a hardware check. If the neural network is an “antenna” that captures thoughts, and its “adjustment” at the physical level can be carried out (and is carried out) through sensory systems (including the hearing organ), the study of the frequency structure of speech will answer a number of important questions, including including related and higher brain functions (insight, creativity). Our experiments (Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University, FIBS, department of EUT) showed that the influence of the “increased” or “lowered” musical-speech system on brain activity is insignificant. The study revealed the equiprobability of the frequency structure of speech. Since our brain lacks some characteristic set of frequencies – elements of a uniformly temperamental system, it is not necessary to talk about the harmful (or any other noise) effect of the “raised” and “lowered” systems due to deviation from the “internal standard”.

Conclusion. In response to the assumptions made by Western experts, we proposed a frequency interpretation of the processes occurring in the brain, which, perhaps, will explain in more detail such phenomena as inspiration, discovery, etc., which occur with minimal activity of consciousness. Despite the limited methods of hardware study of factors that influence the activity of the brain and largely determine its higher functions (for example, creativity), the results of the brain's work in relation to music (both in terms of its creation and in terms of our reaction to it) are quite analyzable , which was shown in this study. The “musicality” of speech is extremely vividly represented in its frequency structure and allows one to reveal, to one degree or another, the features of the brain.

Introduction. The paper aims at describing the philosophy of transcendentalism as viewed by 19th century American philosopher Ralph Emerson, one of its founders and, above all, the direct application of this framework to the contemporary view of network concepts introduced as a state-of the art paradigm of cultural and social development, often viewed as directly applicable to the study of social processes as well as literary texts.

Methodology and sources. The chosen methodology includes the structural semantic study of Emerson’s texts and the analysis of the view of contemporary philosophers of the language and literary critics on the network concept as a basis for state of the art social schemes and internet-communication principles, as well as literary texts analysis.

Results and discussion. The results of the research allow to hypothesize that the philosophy of transcendentalism which attempted to give a full-fledged representation of a harmonious and dynamic cosmic principle, seeing ways of moral purification and comprehension of the super-soul has similar principles with the works by outstanding poststructuralist or postmodern philosophers (like G. Deleuze) and is directly applicable to the study of contemporary literary texts if not social processes. These concepts allow to see the development of aesthetic paradigm (a vivid example being the development of the transcendental motive in poetry). One of the possible examples could be seen in the development of poetic paradigm with а) early romantic poetry concentrating on the poet’s emotions, thus rendering the transcendental, with b) modernist writing which used language as a medium, when a poem became a means of expressing the transcendental, with c) poetry combining political views and the transcendental experience, with d) post-colonial poetry, with the transcendental being transferred from the sphere of “eternal” to the sphere of “everyday”.

Conclusion. American transcendentalism allows to see common patterns of development and innovation of cultural, literary, philosophical scene, characteristic of the contemporary aesthetic paradigm.

Introduction. The paper considers the specifics of the cognitive concepts from the world of politics. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the concepts of political discourse and their constant structures. Scientific novelty lies in the new approach, exploring concepts of political discourse carried out on a cognitive level, given the structures of the concepts and at the level of consciousness, a thorough analysis of their. The object of this research is the concepts and constants of political discourse. Actuality of work is determined by the great interest on the part of linguists to the study of the relationship of language and society, language and politics, in which language becomes the main tool of understanding political battles and victories.

Methodology and sources. Cognitive-discourse approach to the analysis of the concepts of political discourse is used in the paper, experimental methods creating a picture of use of concepts and their constant structures in political debates and speeches. Any concept is a part of the information about the real situation in society, politics, and the world.

Results and discussion. The analysis of the concepts of political discourse and their constant structures based on systemic functional approach, the essence of which is the consideration of the object as a system – a coherent body of interrelated elements operating within the framework of political discourse. Analysis of the concepts and their structures was achieved through the establishment of a connection with history and etymology, through the creation of associative, relying on various dictionaries (historical, explanatory, etymological). These data were obtained by using experimental methods that determine the frequency of use of any concept and its constant structure in the speeches of political figures, for example, the political leaders of Great Britain. In addition, the analysis of concepts and their structures must identify the units of lexical meanings of concepts. The concept is necessary to be studied not only at the linguistic level but also at the level of consciousness.

Conclusion. The use of experimental methods for the analysis of concepts and their constant structures allowed to discuss elements of the concepts and their relationships. The results of the paper were to build systematic structures concepts of political discourse on the example of the use of basic concepts: “power”, “people”, “nation”, “state”, “unity” in the speeches of political leaders in the UK.

Introduction. The paper analyses different means used for conveying the phonetic features of the speech of upper class representatives in English fiction, in particular in the works of Charles Dickens and John Galsworthy. The author focuses on functions of phonographic stylisation of the aristocratic speech and discusses the techniques and strategies for rendering this phenomenon into the Russian language.

Methodology and sources. When selecting examples for analysis, we used the method of corpus analysis, which made it possible to establish the frequency of using a particular phonographic means, as well as the continuous sampling method used to analyse a specific technique of phonographic stylisation. Methods of linguistic, sociolinguistic and translation analysis were used to analyse specific examples of phonographic stylisation and their translations into the Russian language. The novels by Charles Dickens and John Galsworthy were used to carry out the research.

Results and discussion. When translating the speech of upper class representatives into the Russian language, phonographic means can be rendered only in those cases when they perform a parody function. Otherwise, phonographic means are not conveyed but might be substituted or compensated by lexical and syntactical means, which can be considered a natural consequence because of the difference in the traditions of representing the speech of aristocrats in English and Russian literary traditions.

Conclusion. Phonographic means and phonographic stylisation are the most important component of the artistic representation of character’s speech in general, and the speech of upper class representatives in particular. Consequently, this phenomenon is a multifaceted linguistic problem in the theory of translation. This study outlines the main directions of analysis of phonographic stylisation while rendering the speech of aristocrats, but this problem is far from being solved. Other cases of using phonographic stylisation may be the subject of further research into contrasting and translation aspects.