Introduction. The article considers silence as a boundary between the public and the private, the crossing of which can be interpreted as a breach, but also as the formation of a new public image. If we rely on the conclusions of Hannah Arendt, then with multiple intersections not just an image of publicity is created, but a special locus of the political with its own boundaries. The image becomes an expression of action, indignant or reproachful silence becomes a political act, goes beyond the usual speech and becomes a performance, a step forward.

 Methodology and sources. I analyze, using the phenomenological method and the critique of discourse, the various manifestations of vita activa, the active life, associated with silence: the declaration of oneself in a silent gesture, the declaration as an appearance preceding the word, rapprochement. I prove that method and critique are embedded in the topological structure of the city, with its spaces of the possible acts. The image of the membrane, introduced by Gilbert Simondon and developed in Judith Butler's performative theory, becomes key here.

 Results and discussion. The membrane is the modus of possibility in which the urban topics of interactions turns into a topology of silence as action, writhing, insistent, confident. The city itself produces no certainty, but the membrane of the city's revitalization, when both its architecture and its everyday life become alive, produces the certainty of joint action. This is no longer an agreement, open or tacit, but that silence which turns itself inside out and anticipates new constructive arrangements of citizens, contributing to the constitution of civil society.

 Conclusion. The obtained results allow us to clarify the notions of public space, performativity of speech and addressing the other, as well as to identify the boundaries of the image of the Other without reducing them to individual cognitive or practical situations. Silence can be understood no longer as part of figures of speech, but as part of the topology of speech and the topology of the city at one time, as part of the dynamic intermediation between different social positions.

Introduction. Religious revelation is explored as a factor triggering transformational processes in the existing religious and, subsequently, secular culture. The author set out to analyze the semiotic structure of such a revelation and to identify whether there is a semiotic mechanism that triggers transformational processes. If it exists, what are its specific characteristics? Transformation is by definition associated with the genesis of meanings, which, in turn, are determined by a hierarchy of values. When it comes to religion, it is often difficult for a scientist to stay away from a subjective value judgment. In our opinion, the novelty of this article consists in a detailed description of the "mechanics" of transformational processes, which makes it possible to avoid dealing with the content of a particular religious revelation. The results of our research are relevant because they suggest, firstly, using a semiotic cross-section to analyze the phenomenon of transformation, and, secondly, equipping it with system tools.

Methodology and sources. The methodological basis of this research is the semiotic methodology. Religious revelation is considered in the categories of signifier, signified, interpretant (Ogden-Richards triangle), as well as in the categories of sign, semiotic code, semiotic levels (syntagmatics, semantics, pragmatics). The author was greatly influenced by L.F. Chertov's concept of semiotics as a means of constructing and translating meanings. The sacred books of Judaism (Torah, Tanakh) and Christianity (New Testament) were used as sources for the analysis of religious revelation.

 Results and discussion. The main results of the study are: description of the paradoxical nature of religious revelation; identification of the semiotic nature of the transformational mechanism; identification of the structural level at which it is triggered; identification of the nature of its passionarity; identification of the transformational sequence (change of syntagmatic order – change of values and meanings – change in cultural practice).

 Conclusion. The main conclusion, according to the author, is the determination of religious revelation as a factor of value, semantic and cultural transformation. In its very structure, revelation necessarily carries transformational potential. Its mechanism becomes visible due to the semiotic approach and methodology.

Introduction. This article explores existential estrangement as a timeless phenomenon that affects every individual, as our existence is intertwined with the dichotomies of human life-life and death, the limitations of being, and solitude. Existential estrangement transcends historical and social contexts, addressing the quest for life's meaning and ethical ideals.

 Methodology and sources. The author employs methods of philosophical analysis, along with phenomenological and religious-philosophical approaches. The analysis draws on the works of existential thinkers such as Søren Kierkegaard, Martin Heidegger, Albert Camus, Emmanuel Mounier, Jean Lacroix and others, with a focus on the dialectic of estrangement and involvement.

 Results and discussion. The starting point is the understanding of a person not only as a social being but also as a spiritual one, endowed with freedom and the ability to make choices. By examining existential estrangement through the philosophy of Kierkegaard, Camus, and Heidegger, it becomes clear that estrangement arises from the realization of the mismatch between internal existential quests and social inertia. Camus describes estrangement as the absurd, caused by the discrepancy between expectations and reality, while Heidegger emphasizes the importance of awareness of one’s own presence in the world. In contrast, involvement, as articulated by personalist philosophers, is linked to active communication with others and the desire to overcome estrangement through openness and genuine interconnectedness, often referred to as "presence." Emmanuel Mounier underscores that involvement is not just a theoretical concept but a creative process that fosters a deeper understanding of oneself and the world.

Conclusion. Existential estrangement remains a relevant issue connected to internal conflicts and the search for life's meaning. Involvement, as the opposite of estrangement, requires honesty, courage, and openness. This process helps mitigate existential estrangement, facilitates a deeper understanding of oneself, and promotes the pursuit of inner integrity.

Introduction. The increasing prevalence of bilingualism worldwide is associated with ongoing globalization, heightened intercultural exchange, and migration processes driven by diverse factors. A cultural-philosophical analysis of bilingualism offers a means to evaluate its influence on culture, identity, and intercultural communication. Furthermore, it facilitates the utilization of empirical data to investigate the interrelationship between language, culture, social structures, and cognitive processes.

 Methodology and sources. This study aims to elucidate the concept of bilingualism within the framework of the philosophy of culture. To this end, investigations of bilingualism across linguistics, philosophy, and cultural studies were analyzed using content analysis, meta-analysis, and a narrative approach. The methodological basis of this research rests upon principles derived from existential analysis, hermeneutics, and critical theory.

 Results and discussion. The analysis of prior research on bilingualism within linguistics reveals the absence of a unified theory. This is evidenced by a lack of consensus on fundamental definitions pertaining to key concepts, such as bilingualism itself, codeswitching, and code-mixing. It is posited that existing classifications of bilingualism are more appropriate to consider as typologizations, given the observed overlap and non-dichotomous nature of the identified types. While the study of bilingualism has historically been confined primarily to linguistics and psychology, with a focus on cognitive processes, language acquisition, and sociolinguistic dimensions, a cultural-philosophical approach allows for transcending these boundaries. This perspective enables the consideration of bilingualism as a phenomenon that intersects with fundamental ontological, epistemological, and axiological questions within culture.

 Conclusion. The concepts of E. Levinas's “Other”, G. Simmel's “Stranger” and Homi K. Bhabha's “hybridity” provide valuable analytical tools for understanding bilingualism as a complex and dynamic sociocultural process intimately linked to the formation of both individual and collective cultural identity. Recognizing the dialogic nature of bilingualism and considering the existential experience of bilinguals opens avenues for exploring the cognitive and sociocultural strategies employed by bicultural individuals.

Introduction. Based on a pilot empirical study conducted in 2023 in which more than 10 thousand 9th–11th grade schoolchildren from the Leningrad Region participated, the author cites the characteristics of the heroes of our time, as well as the typology of heroes developed through typological analysis. Using the method of incomplete sentences allowed us to obtain spontaneous, non-reflexive responses from respondents that reflect their ideas about the social phenomenon ”hero of our time”.

 Methodology and sources. The article systematizes scientific approaches to the study of the phenomenon of heroes and heroism, presents a theoretical study of the problematization of the concept of “hero”. The works of the following sociologists and psychologists are analyzed: B. Giesen, T. Schlechtriemen, S. Hook, S.T. Allison, G.R. Goethals, Z.E. Franco, K. Blau,  F. Zimbardo, E.L. Kinsella, T.D. Ritchie, E.R. Igou, E. Jayawickreme, P. Di Stefano and O. Golz, and the categories through which the hero or ideas about heroes are researched.

Results and discussion. The descriptive model “hero of our time” is presented in the article. This model was developed on the basis of the conducted research by means of aggregation and generalization of the answers received. The model includes value, cognitive, and behavioral aspects characteristic of a hero of our time. The types of heroes identified based on the results of the research are given.

 Conclusion. The most common types of heroes in the representations of schoolchildren are presented: “altruistic hero”, “ordinary hero”, “achieving hero”, “patriot hero” and “leader hero”. The applied aspect of the developed descriptive model is shown.

Introduction. The article is devoted to the analysis of the transformation of higher education in the context of the active introduction of generative artificial intelligence (AI). The aim of the study is to identify cognitive, behavioral and normative changes in students' educational practices caused by the digitalization of the academic environment.

 Methodology and sources. The study is based on data from a representative questionnaire survey of students from several Russian universities of various profiles. The methods of stratified sample analysis, correlation and factor analysis are applied. Statistical reliability of the results is ensured by compliance with normal distributions, tolerance to outliers, and the use of the Cramer coefficient.

 Results and discussion. The dominance of generative AI tools (in particular, ChatGPT) in the educational environment has been established. Their high subjective effectiveness is recorded, including in the context of academic performance and the formation of professional competencies. A normative gap has been found between the widespread practice of using AI and ethical assessments of its acceptability in teaching. The effects of technological asymmetry and reductionism are discussed.

 Conclusion. The data obtained confirm the formation of a new educational paradigm characterized by a shift from traditional teaching to technologically mediated learning. The article focuses on the need for normative and didactic adaptation of universities to the digital environment.

Introduction. The article discusses the features of modern methods of music creation and distribution, as well as their influence on the formation of musical tastes and preferences among young audiences. Particular attention is paid to streaming services based on the assumption that their prevalence is fundamentally changing the process of music creation, distribution and consumption.

 Methodology and sources. The sources used are the works of modern foreign and domestic experts in the field of sociology of music, cultural studies and mass media. The opinions of experts involved in the distribution of musical works and music journalists are also analyzed. The empirical part of the article was a survey of Russian youth aged 17 to 21. The choice of this audience is due to two reasons: a special attachment to music is usually recorded in young people due to the peculiarities of their mental and social development; the growth of the audience of streaming services occurs mainly due to the young audience. The theory of social representations of S. Moscovici is used in the sense that the assessment of respondents' ideas about music can be considered as a characteristic of the Generation Z.

 Results and discussion. Experts note that in the era of streaming platforms, significant changes occur not only in the technologies of distributing musical works, but also in recording music and its perception by listeners. Musical preferences are formed by artificial intelligence, and this, on the one hand, expands the listener's horizons, on the other hand, limits one in learning something radically new. The connection between the listener and the personality of the performer is lost, the phenomenon of fake artists arises, the attitude towards music becomes more consumerist, musical works are adapted to the specifics of streaming platforms. These and other trends are considered in the mirror of the perception of young listeners.

 Conclusion. The research allowed us to draw the following conclusions: streaming platforms set the basis for managing musical tastes, but do not yet fully shape them; popular music has recently become less interesting; the popularization of modern musical works is associated less with the sophistication of their sound or musical component, and more with trends, the showcase of which are social networks offering short vertical videos (shorts).

Introduction. The article presents the results of a sociological research devoted to the study of the relationship between Christian denominations and the scientific community in modern Russia. The relevance of the topic is due to the contradiction between the expansion of the discussion about the dialogue of religion and science among theologians and the rejection of this idea among ordinary Christians. At the same time, empirical studies of the attitude of Russian Christians to the scientific community are practically absent.

 Methodology and sources. The methodological model of the study was an approach to studying the relationship between science and religion from the point of view of the ethos of the scientific and religious community. The methodology was also based on a typology that identifies such types of interrelationships between religion and science as confrontation and conflict, independence, dialogue, rapprochement and synthesis. The participants in the study, conducted in 2023–2024, were clergymen of the Russian Orthodox Church and major Protestant denominations such as Baptists, Pentecostals, Seventh-day Adventists, etc. The sample included both ordinary parishioners, church rectors, pastors, and clergymen who are teachers of Christian educational institutions. The research used methods such as standardized interviews and surveys.

 Results and discussion. An analysis of the results showed that the majority of respondents believe that there is a dialogue between Christianity and science today. However, only a small number of Christian clergy and pastors who, in addition to theological, have a natural science education, have a clear understanding of what Christianity and science can discuss in this dialogue. Ordinary priests and parishioners of Christian churches continue to evaluate the relationship between Christianity and science as a confrontation or independence and treat science as a kind of knowledge that is fundamentally opposed and alien to Christianity.

 Conclusion. Thus, the study showed that the features of the value system characteristic of the majority of the Christian community actually hinder their real interaction with scientists. 

Introduction. The purpose of the article is to analyze the socio-cultural significance of the Walloon language and the degree of its presence and use in everyday and online communication in Belgium, as well as to describe the formation of its literary tradition. The scientific novelty of the work results from the original approaches to determining the stages of development and formation of literary genres in the Walloon language, as well as to identifying various strategies aimed at supporting it through socio-cultural initiatives of both ordinary citizens and several associations and organizations. Since the peculiarities of the linguistic situation in Belgium - a state uniting Romance and Germanic languages, invariably attract linguists, the stated topic seems very relevant, and the appeal to sociolinguistics, literary studies, language policy and history give the study an interdisciplinary character.

 Methodology and sources. The study is based on various linguistic and historical sources, together with literary works and media resources written in the Walloon language on the territories of the modern Kingdom of Belgium. The methods used in this study are descriptive, comparative and classification methods.

Results and discussion. Walloon region is the birthplace of many famous and talented writers. Literary genres in the Walloon language are diverse, and the areas of its use vary from theaters and Internet sites to everyday communication and language speaking clubs. However, modern Walloon still faces the problem of language norm: the difference in dialects is noticeable not only in original works, but also in translated literature.

 Conclusion. The Walloon language is endangered owing to the small number of speakers among young people, but it should be noted that the Belgian authorities and philological activists support the country's minor languages. Unfortunately, the adherents of the Walloon language have the official opportunity to preserve and spread it only as a regional language.

Introduction. The aim of the article is to study the feasibility of integrating semiotic approaches and machine learning methods for Sentiment-analysis. Sentiment-analysis is a popular area of linguistics at the interface with computer science and data analysis. The novelty of the paper lies in the attempt to interpret the results of machine learning based on the text of reviews as sign systems, revealing their lexical, syntactic, and pragmatic characteristics.

 Methodology and sources. The research is based on the fundamental principles of semantics, syntactics, and pragmatics, as well as on modern approaches to the automation of textual information processing and the application of mathematical methods to substantiate speech phenomena. The research material is a freely distributed data set of film reviews from the IMDB platform. The KNIME system for data analysis in the ‘No-coding’ paradigm is used as an automation tool. The paper presents a workflow including the stages of data preprocessing, construction of classification models, and evaluation of their effectiveness, and proposes a linguistic interpretation of automatic review classification errors.

 Results and discussion. The results demonstrate high classification accuracy (up to 92,0 %) and the ability of the algorithms to identify key lexical and syntactic markers that form the emotional colouring of the text. The study extends the boundaries of traditional semiotics by integrating methods of machine learning and big data analysis, and emphasises the practical value of using KNIME in natural language processing tasks.

 Conclusion. This paper provides a detailed description of an algorithm for automating Sentiment analysis of film reviews, taking into account the advantages and potential challenges of this approach for text interpretation. Prospects for further research include applying the proposed methods to multilingual corpora and analysing multimodal data, which opens up new opportunities for studying sign systems in digital communication. The proposed methodology can be applied in the commercial sphere to identify the attitudes of users to goods, services, applications, books, films, etc., which increases the interest in linguistic services, namely Sentiment analysis.

Introduction. The article analyzes the novel “The Storyteller” written by the Peruvian writer Mario Vargas Llosa. The novel is characterized by two stylistically different parallel parts. The purpose of the study: to identify the stylistic difference between the two parts of the novel using one of the most reliable stylometric tools (Burrows’s Delta), and also to check whether this tool can calculate the difference not between the texts of fundamentally different authors, but between chapters written by one person.

 Methodology and sources. The key method is Burrows’s Delta, which allows comparing texts with each other based on the distribution of the most frequent vocabulary. The Zeta measure is also used, which serves as a means of identifying differentiating vocabulary in the chapters of the novel “The Storyteller”.

 Results and discussion. Three series of experiments were conducted. In the first series, parallel parts of the novel “The Storyteller” are placed in a corpus with the rest of Vargas Llosa's novels. As a result, the “European” part (chapters I, II, IV, VI, VIII) is classified by the algorithm as a documentary text, while the “Peruvian” part (chapters III, V, VII) is characterized by its proximity to total novels written in the 1960s. In the second series of experiments, it is tested whether the algorithm will detect differences between specific chapters that make up the two parts of the novel. As a result, the chapters are classified into different branches, and the algorithm has confirmed its reliability. The third series of experiments is devoted to identifying differentiating vocabulary using the Zeta measure. Several classes are identified that allow us to distinguish the “European” part from the “Peruvian” one.

 Conclusion. By means of the Burroughs Delta algorithm, the stylistic two-voice nature of Mario Vargas Llosa's novel “The Storyteller” is confirmed; moreover, it is shown that the algorithm itself is a sufficiently sensitive tool not only for recording the author's signals a priori of different writers, but also for characterizing the variability of one author's style.

Introduction. The history of Russian translations of “Decameron”, along with an analysis of their merits and demerits, has been investigated by numerous authors for several years now. Usually, this research focuses on the comparative analysis of translations by  A. Veselovsky and N. Lyubimov, published in 1891–1892 and 1970 respectively, as well as  K. Batyushkov’s translations, appeared from 1817 onwards, of individual stories from the “Decameron”. The present article analyses modern studies devoted to translations of the original text of the “Decameron” from Italian into Russian. The assumption is that their existence testifies to the unceasing interest of Russian-speaking academics and publishers in a work that was seminal in the emergence of the modern novel and may even lead to considering the creation of a new Russian translation that incorporates the findings of recent analyses.

 Methodology and sources. The approach used in the literature analysis was comparative analysis of the texts of the original “Decameron” and its Russian translations. Preference was given to studies conducted from linguistic and stylistic points of view.

 Results and discussion. Belonging to different periods, existing translations also reflect different approaches. According to a survey of the existing literature, both Veselovsky’s literalist translation and the creative translations of Batyushkov and Lyubimov, for all their merits, do not always fully convey the rich textual and semantic background of the original.

Conclusion. The analysis concludes by arguing that future research involving a hypothetical new translation of the “Decameron” should focus, among other things, on the ability to convey its metrical structure, a characteristic of Medieval rhetoric.

Introduction. Review is a common type of academic articles, however, its genre status, as well as discursive characteristics of its varieties, have yet to be studied. Analysis of discourse practices of Review in the English-language segment of academic medical discourse might bridge this gap, therefore the objective of the paper is to systematize genre varieties of English-language medical Review in the context of the functional approach to publication discourse practices.

 Methodology and sources. The research corpus was collected with original review articles from the leading medical journals, i.e. The New England Journal of Medicine, The British Medical Journal, The Lancet. Semantic analysis, as well as definition analysis, were used to study the requirements for authors, which contents were then verified by the contents and structure of the original articles to assess their genre varieties. Comparative analysis of genre characteristics was used to systematize traditional types of review article, as well as to identify relatively new and specific genre varieties for medical academic discourse.

 Results and discussion. The universal genre of review scientific articles in the English-language medical discourse include Review (the Lancet), Clinical Review (BMJ), Clinical Practice Review (NEJM). Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis in medical discourse focus on a comprehensive analysis of bibliographic sources, databases and scientific literature and largely promote evidence-based approaches in medicine. Specific genre varieties of Review, namely Live Systematic Review, Hypotheses, Seminar, Series, Viewpoint, Therapeutics, were identified and analyzed.

 Conclusion. The functional approach to Review systematization in the English-language segment of medical academic discourse has proven effective and potentially applicable to other genres, types of discourse and language cultures.

Introduction. The article identifies trends in the evolution of communicative characteristics of presidential campaign ads as a genre of American electoral communication. The relevance of the study stems from the growing interest in modern linguistics toward analyzing discourse in its dynamics. The scientific novelty lies in identifying strategies and tactics inherent to the discourse of American presidential campaign ads across different historical periods of the genre, as well as describing the historical variability of its emotional-stylistic format.

Methodology and sources. The research is carried out in line with historical discourse studies. The analysis of empirical material, which comprises 499 presidential campaign ad texts with the total volume of 61,497 words, is based on corpus linguistics methods and interpretive discourse analysis. The texts were divided into three subcorpora corresponding to genre development periods shaped by socio-political factors (1952–1972, 1976–2000, 2004–2024).

 Results and discussion. A comparative analysis of subcorpora keywords revealed shifts in the functional focus of utterances produced by key subcategorical types of the campaign ad discourse addresser. The study highlights the transformation of the primary role of the candidate’s supporter as a participant of the discourse: from constructing a positive image of the candidate in the first period to discrediting the opponent in the second period. The growing significance of the discrediting strategy leads to the emergence of a new addresser category in the third period: the opponent’s adversary. It is shown that the tactics of positive self-presentation evolve from appeals to public opinion in the first period to appeals to subjective experience of the addresser in the third one. The increasing role of emotional impact and discrediting strategies in the presidential campaign ad discourse leads to a change in the emotional and stylistic format of the genre, marked by the dominance of the didactic tonality in the first period, informative tonality in the second period, and familiar tonality in the third one.

Conclusion. The communicative dynamics of the American presidential campaign ad genre manifests in increasing agonality and democratization of electoral advertising communication. These trends correlate with declining trust in official information sources, the rise of social media, digitalization of media, and the acceleration and fragmentation of information. Further research into the evolution of electoral communication genres under the influence of these processes is deemed promising.