Introduction. The article examines the process of globalization through the prism of synergetics. The urgency of the problem of globalization is beyond doubt, it is enough just to turn to the news channels. The purpose of the work is to show the inconsistency of globalization promoted by Western countries, because it contradicts the laws that determine the process of self-organization of open nonequilibrium systems.

Methodology and sources. The article applies the laws of dialectics and the theory of selforganization. The research sources used works on the problems of globalism (I. Wallerstein, S.P. Lapaev, I.F. Kefeli, etc.), the laws of the development of the historical process  (S.D. Bodrunov, V.V. Tuzov), the laws of the processes of self-organization of open nonequilibrium systems (I. Prigozhin, G. Haken, E.N. Knyazeva and S.P. Kurdyumov and etc.).

Results and discussion. The author comes to the conclusion that it is impossible to realize the process of globalization in the form that the United States and its allies are trying to implement, because this contradicts both the laws of the historical process and the laws of self-organization that the modern stage of development of society obeys. It is impossible to unite countries with different cultures, religions, different economic levels of development, etc. on equal terms, because from the point of view of synergetics it is impossible for systems that exist in a different “tempworld”. There may be possible subordination and exploitation, but not partnership. The unification of all countries around one center also contradicts economic laws, because competition and the development of a market economy will disappear. Moreover, it contradicts the laws of self-organization. A system striving for expansion contains within itself its opposite, which is the desire for dissipation (dispersion).

Conclusion. The author of the article concludes that globalization in the form in which it is carried out by Western countries, since it contradicts the laws of the market economy and the laws of self-organization, is possible only under pressure. The end of forceful coercion triggers the dissipation mechanism, which leads to the degradation of the system and its simplification.

Introduction. In digital age the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in society is largely determined by the technological breakthrough in the field of applied AI over the past two decades. However the implementation of AI innovations not only opens up new opportunities for individuals and society as a whole, but also raises a number of problems, primarily of a socio-ethical focus. In particular, the scientific community considers the problem of “moral machines” to be of high research priority. The article deals with the problems of ethical regulation of AI in human-machine communication, latest research results, and trends in this field.

Methodology and sources. The article is based on methodology of cultural-philosophical, axiological and interdisciplinary approaches. There were also used the following sources: scientific research of Russian and foreign authors, documents, publications and websites dedicated to the current state of AI and the tasks to be solved by specialists in the field of AI ethics.

Results and discussion. The urgency of issues in the field of AI ethics determines the need for systematization of basic ethical concepts in order to integrate ethics into applied AI. It is argued that despite the accumulation of regulatory basis in the field of AI ethics, the problem of conclusive formalization of ethical norms in this field is still unresolved. The main difficulty with the aforementioned norms lies in the fact that ethics of AI is more dependent upon formalization than upon semantics. 

Conclusion. Currently, the process of establishing a regulatory framework for ethics of AI is actively discussed in industry and science. However, if we want the human-machine communication to start its development from the standpoint of a human-centric digital age, it is important not only to solve ethical problems, but also to create new professions in the field of AI ethics, as well as to introduce new approaches towards the training of engineers and developers of AI systems that meet demands of the time.

Introduction.The article is devoted to the consideration of the conditions and possibilities of a positive study of the philosophy of the East. The world and domestic experience in interpreting the texts of Eastern thinkers was based on those cognitive methodological strategies that were formed in the mainstream of classical Oriental studies and have a pronounced philological, historical or regional character. This formed only a distorted view of the philosophical heritage of the peoples of the East. Such an approach gave grounds to classify the analyzed texts either as philosophical prehistory, or as non–philosophy in general. Therefore, the objectives of the article are, firstly, to clarify the reasons why an adequate perception of the essential and constitutive parameters of the philosophy of the East is difficult. Secondly, the clarification of those epistemological a priori, within which the philosophical East will manifest itself in the fullness of its revelations.

Methodology and sources. The obtained research results were based on 1) works on the history of Russian Oriental studies; 2) classical Chinese (Taoist and Buddhist) texts; 3) the works of E.A. Torchinov, which served as a methodological guide for the article. The author also paid attention to clarifying those necessary "conditions of possibility" that can serve as a kind of methodological basic preset. Based on it, a specific toolset would be formed, used in the philosophical analysis of specific texts or text arrays.

Results and discussion. E.A. Torchinov's legacy is taken as an example of the successful experience of philosophical interpretation of the texts of Eastern (in particular Chinese) thinkers. The works of the St. Petersburg researcher can be divided into several groups, the unification of which made it possible to create a conditional “layout” of system integralities. These are analysts: 1) text; 2) theory and practice; 3) integral constructions; 4) doctrine, historically manifested in a variety of forms; and 5) results, i.e. the presentation of their own texts, “stylistically” authentic autochthonous material.

Conclusion. Today, for us, the philosophy of the East is an almost completely closed "continent". The disregard for the study of the East, characteristic of Russian science, largely reproduces the situation that has developed in humanitarian knowledge as such. One of the reasons is an epistemological preset, a certain mood of our cognitive apparatus. The works of E.A. Torchinov can serve as a successful example of a study adequate to the object of Eastern philosophy.

Introduction. The article analyzes circumstances of the emergence of regional sociology in the Soviet era. To describe this phenomenon, the author applies the concept of “sociology without sociology”. This idiom means scientific and sociological activity without the participation of the professional sociological community and describes this multivariate and non-linear process. The author also describes the reasons of existence of “sociology without sociologists” in Soviet and then in Russian social sciences. 

Methodology and sources. The category “sociology without sociologists”, used by R. Ahlberg, N. Werth, and J. Matthes describes the abnormal state of science. In addition, the author uses the concept of “public sociology” by M. Burawoy to determine the vectors of evolution of Soviet and Russian regional sociology. The main research method is the analysis of documentary sources of the Soviet era. Also new, previously unexplored archival documents have been introduced into scientific circulation. 

Results and discussion. The studied issue is examined on the ground of mass surveys of the state of religiosity of the population, which were initiated and carried out by the party bodies of the Tatarstan ASSR and Kuybishev area in 1964–1966. The results of those amateurish surveys served as a foundation for the development of sociology in the region. The article shows that throughout the existence of the “legal” regional sociology, in parallel with it, there were various forms of “sociology without sociologists”. The specificity of the Soviet period was that the existence of “sociology without sociologists” met the expectations of some CSPU circles, responsible for ideology tasks.

Conclusion. The application of the category "sociology without sociologists" is of great importance for the implementation of the demarcation of scientific and non-scientific forms of social knowledge.

Introduction. The article discusses the supportive style of communication and the use of elements of informational and emotional social support as factors for increasing the effectiveness of interaction between doctors and patients. The research assumption is that elements of informational social support are more common in the interaction of Russian doctors with patients than manifestations of emotional support; in society, there is a certain demand for increased emotional support, the use of a supportive communication style by medical workers. The article has two goals – to identify the main techniques used in professional communication in the framework of the implementation of social support; to formulate the main problematic aspects of the provision of social support by doctors to patients.

Methodology and sources. The methodological framework of the study includes the following: the theory of social roles, which made it possible to analyze social expectations from communication in the professional activities of a doctor; the concept of psychological stress and coping processes by R. Lazarus, on the basis of which we formulated and applied in the study the classification of the main forms of social support; the theory of communicative styles by V. Satir, which made it possible to identify individual speech and non-speech patterns of communication as components of the doctor's supporting communication style.

Results and discussion. The results of the analysis of records of online consultations between doctors and patients in the telemedicine mode, as well as a survey of  55 respondents using closed and open questions are presented. It is concluded that informational support is more expressed in the behavior of doctors conducting consultations than emotional support; in society there is a certain demand for greater emotional involvement, the use of elements of a personal relationship, increasing the availability of information in the presentation of information by doctors to patients.

Conclusion. The study confirmed the author's assumption that informational social support in the communication of modern Russian doctors and patients is implemented to a greater extent than emotional; in society, a request is being formed for doctors to use a supportive communication style, to increase involvement, personal interest in the process of interaction.

Introduction.Research is devoted to the modern initiative practices of using web resources, which surgeons use to build a career and advance in a professional environment or aim for self-training. A review of Russian-language sources showed that studies on the topic are almost absent. The work was based on the principles of pragmatic sociology and revealed structural and functional changes manifested in new ways to improve professional skills through the opportunities provided by digital technologies.

Methodology and sources. The authors rely on systemic, structural-functional approaches and the methodology of the French school of pragmatic sociology to describe the changes that digital technologies bring to the social institution of medicine. Foreign sources show a high researchers' interest in this field. Foreign colleagues develop the topic of web resources used in the routine practice of a surgeon having regard to his / her specialization, goal setting, etc. The publication is based on a questionnaire survey of 252 surgeons and four indepth interviews.

Results and discussion. Web resources and social media in the professional practice of doctors in general and individual specializations are at the initial stage of scientific and practical understanding of Russian sociology. Appealing to web resources to improve the professional level or prepare for surgery is part of the routine practice of surgeons. At the same time, surgeons lack technical and organizational support, the actual use of web resources is underestimated, and institutional web resources are less popular than specialized communities and individual social media channels. 

Conclusion. Russian surgeons act in a resource-constrained Internet technology environment in their working place, bound by the lack of technical capabilities for creating, storing, and distributing video archives, the lack of special tools, and, often, skills for editing and commenting on videos, operations, and maintaining social media. The professional representation of surgeons on web resources is their initiative, and videos of the surgical operation are uploaded spontaneously. The mastership of the surgeon and the quality of the surgical operation posted do not have institutionalized forms of regulation and evaluation by the professional community.

Introduction. The article analyzes the problems that arise during communication between a person and a social robot. Barriers that prevent a person from adapting to the specifics of communication tools embedded in the software of devices with artificial intelligence are revealed. Human reactions to the behavior of humanoid robots in various conditions of their use are analyzed. The presence of a person's desire to adapt to the behavior pattern of the device is checked. The authors also test the hypothesis of the emergence of hybrid communication as a way to overcome the barriers of human communication with smart devices. 

Methodology and sources.The approach implemented in the article interprets the communication of a person and a social robot as a similar subject-subject interaction of performers of social roles by heterogeneous communication participants who implement a model of mutual adaptation to the reactions of the Other. As the key methods there was used the method of observation, mediated by digital recordings of human communication situations with various types of devices. A nonobtrusive (unobtrusive) research method was applied, which excludes the contact of the researcher with the object of study. The sources were audiovisual documents containing recordings of a demonstration of human communication with a social robot.

Results and discussion.A weak orientation of a person to adjust his reactions to actions on the part of a social robot with simultaneous attempts to modify his behavior with a focus on imitation of the robot was revealed. The development of hybrid reactions is affected by an increase in the duration of human communication with the device. To a greater extent, hybrid forms of communication continue to be present in the software embedded in social robots of its communication with a person.

Conclusion. In the process of reproducing the stable nature of communication in the peculiarities of the behavior of each of the parties, there were ways of responding to overcome the blockade, not foreseen either by the developers of the algorithms or by a person entering into communication with a robot with the expectation of programmed “machine behavior”. Such a process remains predominantly one-sided and is not supplemented by the activity of the other party – a person, their participation in the synthesis of natural and artificial languages, which is impossible without modification of the language of the person oneself, and their cultural and bodily modifications.

Introduction. This study, carried out in line with the linguo-cognitive paradigm, is devoted to the study of linguo-cultural specifics of the interpretation of temporal markers, as well as to the analysisof ways to conceptualize the category of artistic time within the framework of the cognitive scenario of the poem “No - leave my heart to rest” by T. Moore. The relevance of this study is explained by the interest of specialists in the field of linguistics to the national and cultural specificity of the interpretation of the category of time in literary works, where time markers serve the purpose of providing a temporal continuum of the cognitive scenario within a particular work. The purpose of the study is to identify the specifics of the conceptualization of temporal relations in the poem “No – leave my heart to rest” by T. Moore by means of a cognitive analysis of temporal markers that structure the representation of the emotional world of the lyrical hero. The relevance of this study is determined by its anthropocentric orientation, as well as an interdisciplinary approach to the analysis of linguistic material from the point of view of psychology, cultural studies and cognitive linguistics.

Methodology and sources. The theoretical principles underlying this study are presented in the works of researchers involved in the analysis of emotional concepts and the category of temporality in the linguocultural and anthropocentric paradigms. In the process of analyzing lexical material in the article, the following research methods were used: the method of continuous sampling, the functional-semantic method, the method of component analysis, the method of definitional analysis, as well as the descriptive method and the method of quantitative data processing.

Results and discussion. The article presents the results of the categorization of lexical units with temporal semantics, which, in the context of the poem under consideration, model the temporal perspective of the main character's emotional experiences. The selected lexical units are marked with a marker of temporality, that is, correlation within the artistic world of the work with a certain stage in the life of the lyrical hero.

Conclusion. It has been established that the temporal markers of the past and present in the poem “No – leave my heart to rest” by T. Moore from the point of view of their linguopragmatic function model and structure the world of emotional experiences of the lyrical hero and serve the purpose of realizing the time continuum within the event space of the analyzed poem.

Introduction. The purpose of this study is to analyze the ethical and linguo-didactic aspects of the virtual educational space of higher education. The COVID-19 pandemic has served as a catalyst for the transition of education to an online format. Of course, most educational institutions and teachers were forced to quickly adapt the methods and forms of online organization of the educational process. The issue of online education has long been considered from the scientific and practical sides, but such a quick and forced transition to online revealed a number of problems and features of online communication. One of the most significant is the problem of the ethics of online communication in education.

Methodology and sources. The theoretical base of the study is represented by the works of Russian and foreign authors in the field of pedagogy of the Higher School (I.V. Robert, I.P. Kuzheleva-Sagan), the theory of generations (N. Howe and W. Strauss, D. and I. Stillman, Shamis) and intercultural communications (G. Hoftede).

The empirical base of the study was data obtained during interviews with teachers (23) and students (27) of a higher school (semi-structured, random sample), analysis of the content of educational chats and visual analysis of student avatars (625) used in Zoom.

Results and discussion. The article outlines the directions of research into the problems of ethics in the process of online education. On the basis of empirical data, the authors record the transfer of an informal style of communication into the format of educational communication with a teacher, which is spontaneously emotional in nature. The authors make the assumption that the regulation of communication processes had an optional and often non-mandatory format. Particular attention is paid to the understanding and perception of the ethical norms of communication by representatives of different generations.

Conclusion. The synchronous format of educational communication in the online format has other syntactic, semantic and stylistic features that differ from the previously generally accepted academic language. In the future, this issue requires a comprehensive consideration not only from the communication and ethical side, but also from the point of view of legal and information security. It is necessary to form ethical standards for online teaching.

Introduction. The article is devoted to the role of the language game in the communication strategies used by German politicians within the framework of the “political Ash Wednesday” (on the example of the Christian Social Union in Bavaria, 2018, 2019 and 2020). The purpose of the study was to determine the communicative strategies for which the CSU politicians use the language game in their speeches on the “political Ash Wednesday”. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that this genre of German political discourse has practically not been studied either from the point of view of political science or from the point of view of political linguistics, despite the fact that it has an already established tradition. The relevance of the work is due to the need to close this gap in the study of political discourse in Germany and at least partially describe this genre.

Methodology and sources. To study the phenomenon of language play, a field method was used, in which the authors of the article analyzed the political situation in Germany in 20172019, and also described communicative strategies and tactics. By the method of continuous sampling from the texts of the speeches of the leaders of the CS (M. Zeider, M. Blume, A. Scheer, M. Weber), cases of language play were selected, classified by language levels and analyzed in context.

Results and discussion. It was found that the language game serves to implement various communicative strategies: discrediting and self-praise strategies, manipulative and formation of an emotional mood strategies, self-defense and agitation strategies. Since on the “Political Ash Wednesday” the main speakers’ intentions are to preserve the image of their party and disrupt the image of competing parties, in the politicians’ speeches the language game was most often used as part of the discrediting strategy (ridiculing opponents, made them look bad) and self-praise (emphasizing the positive qualities members of the same party or the successes achieved by the CSU).

Conclusion. The use of language games during performances allows operators to influence the mass addressee by creating the necessary emotional background. The techniques of the language game determine the implementation of communicative strategies and tactics aimed at maintaining one's own image and diminishing the influence of opponents. An important factor for understanding the techniques of the language game is knowledge of the cultural background and the realities of the country.

Introduction. Throughout several decades, English has been strengthening its position as lingua franca in international communication. The relevance of the given study is justified by the examination of the English language from the perspective of contact variantology and in the context of gradually emerging new version of English – Euro-English. The aim of the presented work is to consider the socio-political prerequisites for the strengthening of the English language role for intra-European communication, as well as to try to explain the significance of Brussels for this process. 

Methodology and sources. Scientific publications of domestic and foreign linguists, sociolinguists (D.S. Borodina, Z.G. Proshina, B. Kachru, D. Crystal, E. Edwards), as well as interviews with European politicians and public figures (Michel Guerin, Pascal Smet, Sven Gatz) all comprise the research material. The method of synthesis and analysis, descriptive method, comparative language analysis is used in the process of work on this article. 

Results and discussion. The widespread usage of English in Europe has led to the creation of several mixed language variants and intra-European communication in English gives the latter the status of a supranational communication language. Belgium is seen as the center for the formation of this new language variant, which is explained by the representation of a significant number of international organizations and corporations in Brussels. In the context of the competition between French and Dutch, the difficult linguistic situation in Belgium finds a peculiar resolution in the regular use of English which some activists propose to make the third official language of the Brussels-Capital Region. Euro-English has already acquired several characteristic lexical, morphosyntactic and phonetical features, whilst the withdrawal of Great Britain from the European Union has provided serious possibilities for Euro-English to continue its formation as an independent language variant free from “care” and control of English native speakers. 

Conclusion. The existence of the English language variants involves the preservation of uniqueness for each nation where these are used, as well as the enrichment of the language from which these variants are derived from. Gradual formation of Euro-English confirms the presence of high number of professional and everyday communications under which the representatives of various European nations find common language – and that is English.

Introduction. For “subject question” it is traditionally presumed, that the subject in it is the interrogative word or word combination. From logical point of view it is not correct, because the subject in such sentence is not yet found, and the interrogative word or word combination just “help” in searching for it. In English, it is marked by different syntactic means, for example, by the absence of the auxiliary verb. Also in subject question a formal particle “there” shows up; however, its functions are still unclear. That is why the objective of this work is to build a formal logical model of subject in interrogative English sentence, including the searched subjects, without or with the particle “there”.

Methodology and sources. The research methodology is based on the binomiality idea, having been developed since 1993 at ETU “LETI” by means of the method of formal-logical modelling. The examples illustrating the functional features of the searched subject in English interrogative sentence were selected by means of the method of continuous sampling from 7 corpora. 

Results and discussion. The diversity of subject structures in English interrogative sentence is considered, taking into account possible functions of the formal particle “there”. The assumption is supported, that the implicit subject is a “trace” of the explicit subject and may not be considered as the absolute zero subject. It is the searched subject, which is an absolute zero subject, i.e. an inexplicit one and it is necessary to initiate specifying the notion of the zero subject with distinction of implicit and inexplicit subjects.

Conclusion. Out of dependence on its environment, the searched subject in English is an absolute zero subject, i.e. an inexplicit one. Most often it is a strong or weak vacant semifinitive, fixed in the weak specifier, or, rarer, a weak vacant semifinitive, fixed in the strong specifier. In interrogative sentences of English, no subject can be explicit or implicit when it is searched for; the auxiliary verb in the absence of emphasis or negation does not disappear, but is transformed into a flexion. In the structure of negative interrogative sentences one can see their enhanced (and, actually, maximum) energetics.