Objective and subjective causes of the October revolution and causes of the collapse of the Soviet Union and socialism are analyzed from the positions of study methodology of complex systems.

The article reviews main items of I. Kant ethical system based on I. Kant work “Critique of Pure Reason”, “Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals”, “Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics”. The article analyzes the main issues of I. Kant philosophy: will autonomy as moral maxim; freewill; moral imperatives: hypothetical, categorical, ethics of duty, postulates and principles of morality; the idea of immortality of soul and the existence of God. The article focuses special attention on critique of Kant moral tenets: formalism, eudemonism, rigorism. The article marks actual aspects of Kant moral philosophy.

The problem of sources of intra religious conflicts is considered. The specific character of religious conflicts arising in the Christian church is analyzed. Various manifestations of individual religious experience leading to formation of alternative outlook and, as a result, emergence of the intra religious conflict are revealed.

The article advocates the possibility of applying approaches developed in the tradition of Russian philosophy to media reality analytics. The approaches of Russian philosophy with their understanding of being as meaningful reality and smart reality are extremely relevant in the situation of high-tech reality (smart media). The questions of consciousness networkization, techno-delegate sensory experience, and translation of everyday life into a media format are adequate to searches of the Russian thought: questions of the completeness of human self-realization, collegiality catholicity of the human community, sophianic nature of the creation.

The article is devoted to analysis of philosophical and methodological aspects of contemporary representationalism. The theory of Susanna Siegel was chosen as the investigation subject. She presented an argument of the phenomenological contrast in a couple of papers which can answer the question about what properties are represented in perceptual experiences. The paper deals with criticism of the argument by Portuguese theorist R. Jagnow who offers an alternative explanation for the phenomena under discussion.

The article discusses the production process of ethno-tolerant mentality reflected in the narratives of contemporary aboriginal population of St. Petersburg and the Leningrad region, i.e. the territory of the Neva region. (Prinevsky region) The main provisions of the article are based on the results of the pilot sociological research of 2015, conducted using a narrative interview in the territory of the Neva region. The purpose of the article is justification of the idea of dependence on information institutionalization of urban and rural residents of the Leningrad region, on the depth of their historical memory, the degree of social and cultural nostalgia, of their level of knowledge about the archaic roots of the indigenous culture of the Prinevsky region. The analysis of respondents’ answers to the questions of the research guide allowed to make conclusions that information institutionalization is the basic factor of production tolerant mentality.

The article discusses the approaches of M. Weber and P. Bourdieu to understanding of political activities, policy as a professional work. The article also offers an analysis of the activities of the Russian public front (ONF) as an example of the professionalization of social movement in the field of policy, and definition of its place in the political space of modern Russia.

This article is devoted to the analysis of modern theoretical and practical problems of international terrorism counteraction. Special attention is paid to more precise definition of specific character of international terrorism, determination of purposes of its existence and spread, socio-psychological and international political aims of terrorist acts organizers. In conclusion a number of practical recommendations for improving the mechanism of international terrorism counteraction in the twenty-first century are proposed.

The article considers the stigmatization phenomenon through the prism of sociological approach. The social nature of the phenomenon of stigmatization is underlined. The problems associated with the process of stigmatization in modern educational space are analyzed.

The cluster model of competitiveness of the Russian economy on the basis of research by M. Porter is suggested. Oil and gas industry is regarded as one of the key elements of competitiveness of the Russian economy. The development of gas turbines for the gas sector is emphasized. The cluster interrelations between different brunches of industry in the field of production and use of gas turbines are considered.

The purposes and types of financial activities of commercial enterprises in modern conditions, sources of formation of financial results, their evaluation on the basis of financial statements of commercial enterprises are considered.

The main development directions of management integrated systems including the questions connected with application of international standards to the systems of management and quality organized on the principles of total quality management are considered.

The analysis of essence of innovations and innovative activities, the role of the innovation process in the development of the world economy is performed. The article examines the sources of the innovation process, different systems of indicators of innovative activity, the role of patent law in the redistribution of income in favor of the developed countries and the increasing polarization of the economic development, peculiarities of the national innovation system. The factors that encourage and discourage the national innovation process are identified and analyzed The main incentives for the development of innovative activities in the world are factors of the globalization process, and the sources of the factors hindering the development and innovative activities are various forces that defend national interests.