Artificial Intelligence: in Search for Formalization of Ethical Foundations

Introduction. In digital age the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in society is largely determined by the technological breakthrough in the field of applied AI over the past two decades. However the implementation of AI innovations not only opens up new opportunities for individuals and society as a whole, but also raises a number of problems, primarily of a socio-ethical focus. In particular, the scientific community considers the problem of “moral machines” to be of high research priority. The article deals with the problems of ethical regulation of AI in human-machine communication, latest research results, and trends in this field.

Methodology and sources. The article is based on methodology of cultural-philosophical, axiological and interdisciplinary approaches. There were also used the following sources: scientific research of Russian and foreign authors, documents, publications and websites dedicated to the current state of AI and the tasks to be solved by specialists in the field of AI ethics.

Results and discussion. The urgency of issues in the field of AI ethics determines the need for systematization of basic ethical concepts in order to integrate ethics into applied AI. It is argued that despite the accumulation of regulatory basis in the field of AI ethics, the problem of conclusive formalization of ethical norms in this field is still unresolved. The main difficulty with the aforementioned norms lies in the fact that ethics of AI is more dependent upon formalization than upon semantics. 

Conclusion. Currently, the process of establishing a regulatory framework for ethics of AI is actively discussed in industry and science. However, if we want the human-machine communication to start its development from the standpoint of a human-centric digital age, it is important not only to solve ethical problems, but also to create new professions in the field of AI ethics, as well as to introduce new approaches towards the training of engineers and developers of AI systems that meet demands of the time.

1. Karpov, V.E., Gotovtsev, P.M. and Roizenzon, G.V. (2018), “On the issue of ethics and artificial intelligence systems”, Philosophy and Society, no. 2 (87), pp. 84–105. DOI: 10.30884/jfio/2018.02.07.

2. Leskova, N.L. (2019),”Artificial intelligence will learn by itself”, V mire nauki, no. 11, pp. 92–97.

3. Almeida, F.L. (2017), “Concept and Dimensions of Web 4.0”, International J. of computers & technology, vol. 16 (7), pp. 7040–7046. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24297/ijct.v16i7.6446.

4. Burtsev, M.S., Bukhvalov, O.L., Vedyakhin, A.A. et al. (2021), Sil'nyi iskusstvennyi intellekt: na podstupakh k sverkhrazumu [Strong artificial intelligence: approaching the superintelligence], Intellektual’naya literatura, Moscow, RUS.

5. Ferrer, X., van Nuenen, T., Such, J.M., Coté, M. and Criado, N. (2021), “Bias and discrimination in AI: a cross-disciplinary perspective”, IEEE Technology and Society Magazine, vol. 40 (2), pp. 72–80. DOI: 10.1109/MTS.2021.3056293.

6. “AI Principles: Open Letter” (2017), Future of Life Institute, available at: https://futureoflife.org/aiprinciples/ (accessed 13.08.2022).

7. “The IEEE Global Initiative on Ethics of Autonomous and Intelligent Systems” (2022), Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, available at: http://standards.ieee.org/develop/indconn/ec/autonomous_systems.html (accessed 23.09.2022).

8. “Recommendation on the ethics of artificial intelligence” (2021), UNESCO, available at: https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000380455 (accessed 17.10.2022).

9. “About GPAI”, The Global Partnership on Artificial Intelligence, available at: https://gpai.ai/about/ (accessed 09.10.2022).

10. Plugotarenko, S.A. (2021), “Why do we need codes of ethics for artificial intelligence”, InvestForsait, available at: https://www.if24.ru/etika-dlya-ai/ (accessed 18.10.2022).

11. “Translation: Personal Information Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China” (2021), DigiChina, available at: https://digichina.stanford.edu/work/translation-personal-informationprotection-law-of-the-peoples-republic-of-china-effective-nov-1-2021/ (accessed 19.10.2022).

12. “Blueprint for an AI Bill of Rights: A Vision for Protecting Our Civil Rights in the Algorithmic Age” (2022), The White House, available at: https://www.whitehouse.gov/ostp/news-updates/2022/10/04/blueprint-for-an-ai-bill-of-rightsa-vision-for-protecting-our-civil-rights-in-the-algorithmic-age/ (accessed 19.10.2022).

13. “National strategy for the development of artificial intelligence for the period up to 2030” (2019), Garant.ru, available at: https://www.garant.ru/products/ipo/prime/doc/72738946/#1000 (accessed 15.10.2022).

14. “AI Ethics Code”, AI Alliance Russia, available at: https://a-ai.ru/ethics/index-en.html (accessed 15.10.2022).

15. Tkacheva, K.A. and Shepeleva, O.S. (2020), Etika i “tsifra”: eticheskie problemy tsifrovykh tekhnologii [Ethics and digital: ethical is-sues of digital technologies], RANHiGS, Moscow, RUS.

16. Etika i “tsifra”: ot problem k resheniyam [Ethics and digital: from problems to solutions] (2021), in Potapova, E.G. and Shklyaruk, M.S. (eds.), RANHiGS, Moscow, RUS.

17. Daugherty, P. and Wilson, J. (2019), Human + Machine: Reimagining Work in the Age of AI, Transl. by Sivchenko, O. and Yatsyuk, N., Mann, Ivanov i Ferber, Mocow, RUS.

18. Stillman, D., Stillman, I. (2018), Gen Z @ Work: How the Next Generation Is Trans-forming the Workplace, Transl. by Kondukov, Yu., Mann, Ivanov i Ferber, Moscow, RUS.

19. Mozhaeva, G.V. (2015), “Digital humanities: digital turn in the humanities”, Humanitarian informatics, no. 9, pp. 8–23. DOI: 10.17223/23046082/9/1.

20. Mamina, R.I. and Yelkina, E.E. (2020), “Digital Humanities: Is it a New Science or a Set of Models and Practices of the Global Network Project?”, DISCOURSE, vol. 6, iss. 4, pp. 22–38. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32603/2412-8562-2020-6-4-22-38.

21. Gazdieva, B.A., Akhmetzhanova, A.A., Sagyndykova, Zh.O. et al. (2018), Mezhdunarodnyi opyt razvitiya predprinimatel'skogo i STEAM-obrazovaniya v stranakh OESR i v mire: analiticheskii otchet [International experience in the development of entrepreneurial and STEAM education in OECD countries and in the world: analytical report], Izd-vo KGU im. Sh. Ualikhanova, Kokshetau, KAZ.

22. Schwab, K. and Davis, N. (2018), Shaping the Fourth Industrial Revolution, Transl. by Akhmetov, K., Vrublevskii, A., Karpyuk, V. and Kozlov, A., Bombora, Moscow, RUS.