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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">discourse</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Дискурс</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Discourse</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2412-8562</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-7777</issn><publisher><publisher-name>СПбГЭТУ «ЛЭТИ»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32603/2412-8562-2026-12-4-50-63</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">discourse-972</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФИЛОСОФИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PHILOSOPHY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Коллективный интеллект и проблема его демаркации в технологиях, природе и обществе</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Collective Intelligence and the Problem of its Demarcation in Technology, Nature, and Society</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6368-1363</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Желнин</surname><given-names>Антон Игоревич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhelnin</surname><given-names>Anton I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Желнин Антон Игоревич - кандидат философских наук (2017), доцент кафедры философии,</p><p>ул. Букирева, д. 15, Пермь, 614068.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anton I. Zhelnin - Can. Sci. (Philosophy, 2017), Associate Professor at the Department of Philosophy, </p><p>Bukireva st., 15, Perm 614068.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zhelnin@psu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Пермский государственный национальный исследовательский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Perm State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>09</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>50</fpage><lpage>63</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Желнин А.И., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Желнин А.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zhelnin A.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://discourse.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/972">https://discourse.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/972</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Статья исследует коллективный интеллект (КИ) в природе, обществе и технологиях, выделяя его сущность и критерии, по которым он может быть демаркирован от ряда сходных феноменов.</p></sec><sec><title>Методология и источники</title><p>Методология и источники. Применяется принцип системности, позволяющий рассмотреть КИ в привязке к конкретному субстрату. Для анализа дефиниций КИ используются критический и герменевтический методы. Раскрытие сложного характера детерминации конкретной формы КИ уровнем организации системы с присущими ей противоречиями осуществляется через диалектический метод.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты и обсуждение</title><p>Результаты и обсуждение. Технократическое видение КИ сводится к распределенным формам ИИ. Их отождествление нерелевантно, так как магистральная линия подхода к интеллекту рассматривает его как комплексное свойство (хотя одни трактуют его как, по крайней мере, витальный, а другие как сугубо социокультурный феномен). ИИ реализуется онтологически простым субстратом, имитируя узкий подкласс возможностей интеллекта. Искусственный КИ есть симулякр и коллектива, так как последний имеет смысл как интеграция индивидов, в то время как здесь они редуцируются к узлам сети. В природе адекватность атрибуции КИ зависит от линии развития живого. Роевый интеллект предстает как коллектив без интеллекта, так как синхронное поведение реализуется родовыми инстинктивными программами. Нерелевантен и подход, трактующий любой индивид как КИ, так как он итеративно расчленяется на компартменты, быстро редуцируясь до неживого. Полноценный КИ атрибутируется человеку: лишь в его случае интеллектуальная активность достигает автономии от узкой биологической специализации и сопровождается совместным ментальным опытом (Мы-сознание).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Интеллект человека социален, так как заточен не столько под адаптацию, сколько под универсальный целенаправленный праксис. КИ отражает оптимальный тип взаимосвязи родового и индивидуального в мыслительной активности. КИ не тотальность и не механический агрегат, но эмерджентная целокупность, интегрирующая потенциал индивидов в единстве многообразия.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. The article explores collective intelligence (CI) in nature, society, and technology, highlighting its essence and criteria by which it can be demarcated from similar phenomena.</p></sec><sec><title>Methodology and sources</title><p>Methodology and sources. The system approach is applied, which seeks to consider CI in relation to a specific substrate. Critical and hermeneutic methods are used to analyze its definitions. Complex determination of the particular form of CI by the level of system organization with its contradictions is provided by the dialectical method.</p></sec><sec><title>Results and discussion</title><p>Results and discussion. The technocratic vision of CI reduces it to distributed forms of AI. Their identification is irrelevant as the magistral approach to intelligence considers it a complex phenomenon (although some interpret it as at least vital, while others only as a sociocultural thing). AI is implemented by an ontologically simple substrate, remaining an imitation of a narrow part of intelligence’s capabilities. Artificial «CI» is also a simulacrum of the collective, since the latter makes sense as an integration of individuals, while here they are reduced to network nodes. In nature, the adequacy of articulation depends on the line of development of the living. Swarm intelligence is a collective without intelligence, because synchronous behavior is implemented by generic instinctive programs. The approach that every individual is CI is irrelevant, since it is iteratively divided into compartments, being reduced to the non-living. Full-fledged CI is attributed to humans: only here intellectual activity achieves autonomy from narrow biological specialization and is accompanied by joint mental experience (We consciousness).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Human intelligence is social, because it is focused not so much on adaptation as on purposeful praxis. CI reflects the optimal type of relationship between the generic and the individual in cognitive activity. CI is not a totality or a mechanistic aggregate but an emergent sum that integrates the potential of individuals in the unity of diversity.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>коллективный интеллект</kwd><kwd>роевый интеллект</kwd><kwd>искусственный интеллект</kwd><kwd>коллектив</kwd><kwd>индивид</kwd><kwd>Мы-сознание</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>collective intelligence</kwd><kwd>swarm intelligence</kwd><kwd>artificial intelligence</kwd><kwd>collective</kwd><kwd>individual</kwd><kwd>We consciousness</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Levy P. Collective intelligence: mankind's emerging world in cyberspace. NY: Perseus Books, 1994.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Levy, P. 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