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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">discourse</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Дискурс</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Discourse</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2412-8562</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-7777</issn><publisher><publisher-name>СПбГЭТУ «ЛЭТИ»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32603/2412-8562-2026-12-1-126-138</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">discourse-914</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЯЗЫКОЗНАНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LINGUISTICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>«Видимость» и «невидимость» переводчика  при лингвокультурной адаптации реалий:  диахроническое исследование переводов романа  Ф. М. Достоевского «Преступление и наказание»</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>“Visibility” and “Invisibility” of the Translator  in the Linguocultural Adaptation of Realia: A Diachronic Study  of Translations of F.M. Dostoevsky’s Novel “Crime and Punishment”</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7625-8394</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соколова</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sokolova</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Соколова Анастасия Сергеевна – соискатель ученой степени кандидата филологических наук</p><p>наб. р. Мойки, д. 48, Санкт-Петербург, 191186</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasiia S. Sokolova – Applicant for the Degree of Can. Sci. (Philology)</p><p>48 Moika emb., St Petersburg 191186</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">hawkschatten@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский государственный педагогический университет им. А. И. Герцена</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>The Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>23</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>126</fpage><lpage>138</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Соколова А.С., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Соколова А.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sokolova A.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://discourse.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/914">https://discourse.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/914</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Роман Ф. М. Достоевского «Преступление и наказание» принадлежит к мировой литературе, а наличие постоянно публикующихся новых переводов свидетельствует об интересе к данному произведению. Целью настоящего исследования является сравнительно-сопоставительный анализ переводов романа «Преступление и наказание» в диахроническом аспекте. В данной статье проводится оценка изменений в норме перевода. </p></sec><sec><title>Методология и источники</title><p>Методология и источники. Материалом исследования послужил роман Ф. М. Достоевского «Преступление и наказание», а также переводы на английский язык, выполненные К. Гарнетт, Д. Макдаффом, Р. Пивиаром и Л. Волохонской. В ходе работы применялись следующие методы: сравнительно-сопоставительный, описательный, а также контекстуальный.  </p></sec><sec><title>Результаты и обсуждение</title><p>Результаты и обсуждение. Ранние переводы романа характеризуются легкостью восприятия, но при этом в них утрачиваются маркеры исходной культуры из-за их нейтрализации и замены на маркеры принимающей культуры. Поздние переводы демонстрируют осознанность со стороны переводчика в стремлении подчеркнуть принадлежность произведения к иной культуре, вследствие чего текст перевода становится труднее для восприятия: он изобилует транслитерированными элементами и переводческими комментариями. Особый случай демонстрируют переводы, в которых выдерживается баланс между доместикацией и форенизацией, благодаря чему в тексте перевода сохранена культурологическая точность, читабельность и избыточность описательных элементов (переводческих комментариев), которые не усложняют восприятие текста, а приближают читателя к исходной культуре. </p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Выявленные различия в лингвокультурной адаптации культурно-маркированной лексики демонстрируют разное отношение к «видимости» и «невидимости» переводчика. Однако в ходе исследования было выявлено, что сохранение баланса между двумя крайностями позволяет породить посильный для восприятия перевод, сохраняющий в себе инолингвокультурные вкрапления.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. F.M. Dostoevsky's novel "Crime and Punishment" belongs to world literature, and the presence of constantly published new translations testifies to the interest in it. The objective of this study is a comparative analysis of translations of F.M. Dostoevsky's novel “Crime and Punishment” in the diachronic aspect. This article assesses changes in the translation norm.</p></sec><sec><title>Methodology and sources</title><p>Methodology and sources. The research material was the novel “Crime and Punishment” by F.M. Dostoevsky, as well as translations into English by C. Garnett, D. McDuff, R. Pevear and L. Volokhonskaya. The following methods were used in the course of the work: comparative-contrastive, descriptive, and contextual.</p></sec><sec><title>Results and discussion</title><p>Results and discussion. Early translations of the novel are characterized by ease of perception, but at the same time they lose markers of the original culture by neutralizing them and replacing them with markers of the receiving culture. Later translations demonstrate a conscious effort on the part of the translator to emphasize the work's belonging to another culture, as a result of which the text of the translation becomes more difficult to perceive: it abounds in transliterated elements and translation comments. A special case is demonstrated by translations that maintain a balance between domestication and foreignization, as a result of which the text of the translation retains cultural accuracy, readability and redundancy of descriptive elements (translation comments), which do not complicate the perception of the text, but bring the reader closer to the original culture.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The differences revealed in the linguocultural adaptation of culturally marked vocabulary demonstrate different attitudes towards the “visibility” and “invisibility” of the translator, however, during the study it was revealed that maintaining a balance between the two extremes allows one to generate a translation that is easy to perceive and retains foreign linguistic and cultural inclusions.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>лингвокультурная адаптация</kwd><kwd>доместикация</kwd><kwd>форенизация</kwd><kwd>культурно-маркированная лексика</kwd><kwd>реалия</kwd><kwd>приблизительный перевод</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>linguocultural adaptation</kwd><kwd>domestication</kwd><kwd>foreignization</kwd><kwd>culturally marked vocabulary</kwd><kwd>realia</kwd><kwd>approximate translation</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wade A. 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