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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">discourse</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Дискурс</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Discourse</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2412-8562</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-7777</issn><publisher><publisher-name>СПбГЭТУ «ЛЭТИ»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32603/2412-8562-2025-11-4-177-191</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">discourse-827</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЯЗЫКОЗНАНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LINGUISTICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Коммуникативные характеристики жанра американского  предвыборного президентского видеоролика   в динамическом аспекте</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Communicative Characteristics of American Presidential  Campaign Commercials: a Diachronic Approach</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4903-5856</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кононова</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kononova</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кононова Инна Владимировна – доктор филологических наук (2010), профессор (2024), профессор кафедры английской филологии и перевода</p><p>наб. канала Грибоедова, д. 30–32, Санкт-Петербург, 191023.</p><p>Автор 100 научных публикаций.</p><p>Сфера научных интересов: аксиологическая лингвистика, диахроническая концептология, корпусные исследования текста и дискурса. </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Inna V. Kononova – Dr. Sci. (Philology, 2010), Professor (2024), Professor at the Department of English Philology and Translation</p><p>30–32 Griboyedov Channel emb., St Petersburg 191023</p><p>The author of 100 scientific publications.</p><p>Area of expertise: axiological linguistics, diachronic conceptology, corpus-based studies of text and discourse. </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ivkononova-unecon@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8126-0925</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мельничук</surname><given-names>Т. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Melnichuk</surname><given-names>T. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мельничук Татьяна Александровна – кандидат филологических наук (2024), доцент кафедры английского языка и перевода</p><p>ул. Белинского, д. 58, Якутск, 677027</p><p>Автор 30 научных публикаций.</p><p>Сфера научных интересов: политический дискурс, лингвосемиотика, корпусная лингвистика. </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatiana A. Melnichuk – Can. Sci. (Philology, 2024), Associate Professor of the Department of English Language and Translation</p><p> 58 Belinsky str., Yakutsk 677027.</p><p>The author of 30 scientific publications.</p><p>Area of expertise: political discourse, linguistic semiotics, corpus-based studies of text and discourse </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ta.melnichuk@s-vfu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский государственный экономический университет</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint Petersburg State Economic University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Северо-Восточный федеральный университет им. М. К. Аммосова</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>M. K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>177</fpage><lpage>191</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кононова И.В., Мельничук Т.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кононова И.В., Мельничук Т.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kononova I.V., Melnichuk T.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://discourse.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/827">https://discourse.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/827</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. В статье описаны тенденции изменения коммуникативых характеристик президентского видеоролика как жанра американской предвыборной коммуникации.  Актуальность работы обусловлена интересом современной лингвистики к изучению дискурса в динамическом аспекте. Научная новизна исследования заключается в установлении стратегий и тактик, свойственных дискурсу американского предвыборного видеоролика в разные периоды существования жанра, а также выявлении исторической вариативности его эмоционально-стилевого формата.</p></sec><sec><title> Методология и источники</title><p> Методология и источники. Исследование выполнено в русле исторической дискурсологии. Анализ эмпирического материала, которым послужили тексты 499 предвыборных президентских видеороликов общим объемом 61497 слов, выполнялся с использованием методов корпусной лингвистики и интерпретативного метода анализа дискурса. Тексты видеороликов разделены на три подкорпуса в соответствии с периодами развития жанра, обусловленными социально-политическими факторами (19521972 гг., 1976–2000 гг., 2004–2024 гг.).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты и обсуждение</title><p>Результаты и обсуждение. Сравнительный анализ ключевых слов подкорпусов позволил описать изменения в функциональном фокусе высказываний основных субкатегориальных типов адресанта дискурса видеоролика. Выявлена трансформация ведущей функции сторонника кандидата как говорящего субъекта: от формирования положительного образа кандидата в первом периоде до дискредитации оппонента во втором периоде, усиление значимости которой приводит к возникновению в третьем периоде самостоятельной категории адресанта – противника оппонента. Меняются ключевые тактики позитивной самопрезентации: от апелляции к общественному мнению в первом периоде к апелляции к субъективному опыту говорящего в третьем периоде. Усиление роли стратегий эмоционального воздействия и дискредитации в дискурсе видеоролика приводит к изменению эмоционально-стилевого формата жанра: отмечается ведущая роль дидактической тональности в первом периоде, информативной тональности во втором периоде и фамильярной тональности в третьем.</p></sec><sec><title> Заключение</title><p> Заключение. Коммуникативная динамика жанра американского президентского видеоролика проявляется в повышении агональности предвыборной рекламной коммуникации и ее демократизации. Выявленные тенденции коррелируют с кризисом доверия к официальным источникам информации, распространением соцсетей, цифровизацией медиа, динамизацией и фрагментизацией информации. Перспективным представляется дальнейшее изучение динамики жанров предвыборной коммуникации под влиянием указанных процессов.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. The article identifies trends in the evolution of communicative characteristics of presidential campaign ads as a genre of American electoral communication. The relevance of the study stems from the growing interest in modern linguistics toward analyzing discourse in its dynamics. The scientific novelty lies in identifying strategies and tactics inherent to the discourse of American presidential campaign ads across different historical periods of the genre, as well as describing the historical variability of its emotional-stylistic format.</p></sec><sec><title>Methodology and sources</title><p>Methodology and sources. The research is carried out in line with historical discourse studies. The analysis of empirical material, which comprises 499 presidential campaign ad texts with the total volume of 61,497 words, is based on corpus linguistics methods and interpretive discourse analysis. The texts were divided into three subcorpora corresponding to genre development periods shaped by socio-political factors (1952–1972, 1976–2000, 2004–2024).</p></sec><sec><title> Results and discussion</title><p> Results and discussion. A comparative analysis of subcorpora keywords revealed shifts in the functional focus of utterances produced by key subcategorical types of the campaign ad discourse addresser. The study highlights the transformation of the primary role of the candidate’s supporter as a participant of the discourse: from constructing a positive image of the candidate in the first period to discrediting the opponent in the second period. The growing significance of the discrediting strategy leads to the emergence of a new addresser category in the third period: the opponent’s adversary. It is shown that the tactics of positive self-presentation evolve from appeals to public opinion in the first period to appeals to subjective experience of the addresser in the third one. The increasing role of emotional impact and discrediting strategies in the presidential campaign ad discourse leads to a change in the emotional and stylistic format of the genre, marked by the dominance of the didactic tonality in the first period, informative tonality in the second period, and familiar tonality in the third one.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The communicative dynamics of the American presidential campaign ad genre manifests in increasing agonality and democratization of electoral advertising communication. These trends correlate with declining trust in official information sources, the rise of social media, digitalization of media, and the acceleration and fragmentation of information. Further research into the evolution of electoral communication genres under the influence of these processes is deemed promising.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>предвыборный дискурс</kwd><kwd>политическая реклама</kwd><kwd>предвыборный видеоролик</kwd><kwd>корпусный анализ</kwd><kwd>динамика жанра</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>political campaign discourse</kwd><kwd>campaign ads</kwd><kwd>campaign commercials</kwd><kwd>corpus analysis</kwd><kwd>genre dynamics</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kadim E. N. A critical discourse analysis of Trump’s election campaign speeches // Heliyon. 2022. Vol. 8, Iss. 4:e09256. DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09256.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kadim, E.N. (2022), “A critical discourse analysis of Trump’s election campaign speeches”, Heliyon, vol. 8, iss. 4: e09256. 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