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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">discourse</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Дискурс</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Discourse</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2412-8562</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-7777</issn><publisher><publisher-name>СПбГЭТУ «ЛЭТИ»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32603/2412-8562-2024-10-5-78-90</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">discourse-725</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СОЦИОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SOCIOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Текущая ситуация, существующие проблемы и перспективы изучения социальной стратификации в современном Китае</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Current Situation, Existing Problems and Prospect of the Study of Social Stratification in Contemporary China</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6339-6124</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хайлунь</surname><given-names>Чжан</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Hailun</surname><given-names>Zhang</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Чжан Хайлунь, преподаватель, соискатель</p><p>кафедра социологии</p><p>Автор 12 научных публикаций. Сфера научных интересов: урбанизация, социальная структура, городское пространство, социальное неравенство</p><p>510970; № 882, проспект Вэньцюань; район Цунхуа; Гуанчжоу; Россия; 199034; Университетская наб., д. 7/9;  Санкт-Петербург </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Zhang Hailun, Lecturer, Applicant</p><p>Department of Sociology</p><p>The author of 12 scientific publications. Area of expertise: urbanization, social structure, urban space, social inequality</p><p>510970; No. 882, Wenquan Avenue, Conghua District; Guangzhou; Russia; 199034; 7/9 University emb.; St Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zhanghailunno1@126.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9458-4689</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лебединцева</surname><given-names>Л. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lebedintseva</surname><given-names>L. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Любовь Александровна Лебединцева, доктор социологических наук (2012), доцент (2016), профессор, ассоциированный научный сотрудник</p><p>кафедра экономической социологии</p><p>Автор более 150 научных публикаций. Сфера научных интересов: экономическая социология, интеллектуальный труд, современная китайская социология</p><p>199034; Университетская наб., д. 7/9; 190005; ул. 7-я Красноармейская, д. 25/14; Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Liubov A. Lebedintseva, Dr. Sci. (Sociology, 2012), Docent (2016), Professor, Associate Fellow</p><p>Department of Economic Sociology</p><p>The author of more than 150 scientific publications. Area of expertise: economic sociology, intellectual labor, modern Chinese sociology</p><p>199034; 7/9 University emb.,; 190005; 25/14 7th Krasnoarmeiskaya str.; St Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">llebedintseva879@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Школа марксизма, колледж Наньфан; Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>School of Marxism, Nanfang College; Saint Petersburg State University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет; Социологический институт РАН – филиал ФНИСЦ РАН</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint Petersburg State University; Sociological Institute of the RAS – FCTAS RAS</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>11</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>78</fpage><lpage>90</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Хайлунь Ч., Лебединцева Л.А., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Хайлунь Ч., Лебединцева Л.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Hailun Z., Lebedintseva L.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://discourse.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/725">https://discourse.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/725</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>   Введение</title><p>   Введение. На фоне рыночной экономики и социальных преобразований в Китае классовая структура общества претерпела глубокие изменения, и традиционное классовое деление больше не актуально. Однако в изучении социальных слоев в Китае все еще остаются нерешенными некоторые проблемы. Отсутствие разнообразия и сопоставимости методов исследования ограничивает его глубину и объем. Относительно мало исследований было проведено по некоторым формирующимся классам. Поиск взаимосвязей между социальным классом и другими социальными проблемами недостаточен, а между классом и образованием, классом и распределением доходов и прочими по-прежнему ограничен.</p><p>   Методология и источники. В настоящее время для изучения социальной стратификации в Китае предложена модель социальной классификации, учитывающая особенности национальных условий этой страны. С помощью большого количества эмпирических исследований была выявлена эволюция и характеристики социально-классовой структуры Китая. Был изучен механизм формирования социальных классов и влияющие на них факторы, что обеспечило теоретическую поддержку социального развития. Для анализа были использованы современные модели стратификации китайских авторов в сравнении с традиционными моделями.</p><p>   Результаты и обсуждение. Изучение социальных слоев в Китае унаследовало теоретические схемы и эмпирические методы исследования западных ученых-социологов. Есть также попытки разработать собственную модель социальной стратификации в сочетании с реальной ситуацией в Китае. Структура социальной стратификации в этой стране отличается необходимостью учитывать систему государственного перераспределения и рыночную модель экономики. Однако присутствует консенсус в отношении того, что государственные чиновники находятся на вершине социальной иерархии, а класс крестьян и безработных – в низшем слое общества; работники умственного труда (белые воротнички) стоят выше, чем работники физического труда (синие воротнички). Результаты исследований, посвященных влиянию человеческого капитала на социальную стратификацию, показывают, что гендер и уровень образования имеют универсальное значение в обществе; cистема регистрации домохозяйств и тип жилья являются особыми независимыми переменными, которые влияют на социальную стратификацию в Китае сильнее, чем в других странах, и т. д. Однако соответствующих эмпирических исследований, которые могли бы предоставить конкретные количественные данные, показывающих как независимые переменные влияют на социальную стратификацию в Китае, не хватает. В китайском обществе появилось много новых социальных и профессиональных групп. В последние годы некоторые китайские ученые изучали такие конкретные социально-профессиональные группы, наиболее массовые и востребованные на рынке труда в Китае, учитывая процессы цифровизации.</p></sec><sec><title>   Заключение</title><p>   Заключение. Необходимо продолжить изучение методов и моделей социальной стратификации, подходящих для национальных условий Китая, с тем чтобы охватить характеристики социально-классового разнообразия. Следует активизировать исследования взаимосвязи между социальным классом и другими социальными проблемами, чтобы дать более эффективные рекомендации по политике социального развития. Также необходимо активизировать исследования, касающиеся формирующихся классов, уделять внимание их социальному статусу, мобильности и обязанностям, а также обеспечивать более эффективную поддержку и руководство для их развития.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>   Introduction</title><p>   Introduction. Under the backdrop of market economy and social transformation in China, the class structure of society has undergone profound changes, and the traditional class division is no longer relevant. However, there are still some unresolved problems in the study of social strata in China. The lack of diversity and comparability of research methods limits the depth and scope of research. Relatively few studies have been conducted on some emerging classes. Research on the relationship between social class and other social issues is insufficient, such as the relationship between class and education, class and income distribution, etc., are still limited.</p><p>   Methodology and sources. At present, a social classification model has been proposed to study social stratification in China, taking into account the characteristics of China's national conditions. A large number of empirical studies have revealed the evolution and characteristics of China's social class structure. The mechanism of social class formation and the factors influencing them have been studied, which has provided theoretical support for social development. Modern stratification models of Chinese authors have been used for the analysis in comparison with traditional models.</p><p>   Results and discussion. The study of social stratification in China inherited the theoretical framework and empirical research methods of Western social scientists, and there are also attempts to develop its own model of social stratification in combination with the actual situation in China. The structure of social stratification in China is characterized by the need to take into account the state redistribution system and the market economy model. However, there is a consensus that government officials are at the top of the social hierarchy, and the class of peasants and unemployed are at the bottom of society; mental workers (white collars) are higher than manual workers (blue collars). The results of studies on the impact of human capital on social stratification show that gender and educational level have universal significance in society; household registration system and housing type are special independent variables that affect social stratification in China more than in other countries, etc. However, there is a lack of relevant empirical studies that could provide specific quantitative data showing how independent variables affect social stratification in China. Many new social and professional groups have emerged in Chinese society. In recent years, some Chinese scholars have studied such specific social and professional groups, the most widespread and in demand in the labor market in China, taking into account the digitalization processes.</p></sec><sec><title>   Conclusion</title><p>   Conclusion. It is necessary to further explore the methods and models of social stratification suitable for China's national conditions so as to cover the characteristics of social class diversity. It is necessary to strengthen the research on the relationship between social class and other social issues so as to provide more effective policy recommendations for social development. It is also necessary to strengthen the research on emerging classes, pay attention to their social status, mobility and responsibilities, and provide more effective support and guidance for their development.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>социальная стратификация</kwd><kwd>рыночная экономика</kwd><kwd>образование</kwd><kwd>социальное обеспечение</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>social stratification</kwd><kwd>market economy</kwd><kwd>education</kwd><kwd>social welfare</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lu, Xueyi (2002), “Analysis of Ten Strata in Contemporary China”, Study and Practice, no. 3, pp. 262–271.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lu, Xueyi (2002), “Analysis of Ten Strata in Contemporary China”, Study and Practice, no. 3, pp. 262–271.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lu, Xueyi (2020), Social Structure and Social Stratification in Contemporary China, 1&lt;sup&gt;st&lt;/sup&gt; ed. 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