<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">discourse</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Дискурс</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Discourse</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2412-8562</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-7777</issn><publisher><publisher-name>СПбГЭТУ «ЛЭТИ»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32603/2412-8562-2023-9-1-130-141</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">discourse-561</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЯЗЫКОЗНАНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LINGUISTICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Особенности функционирования табуированной лексики в современном зарубежном кинематографе</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Peculiarities of the Functioning of the Taboo Lexicon in the Modern Western Cinematography</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2623-1726</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Панкратова</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pankratova</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Панкратова Светлана Анатольевна – доктор филологических наук (2014), доцент (2018), профессор кафедры иностранных языков </p><p>ул. Правды, д. 13, Санкт-Петербург, 191119</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana A. Pankratova – Dr. Sci. (Philology, 2014), Docent (2018), Professor at the Department of Foreign Languages</p><p>13 Pravda str., St Petersburg 191119</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">svetpankrat@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский государственный институт кино и телевидения<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">St Petersburg State University of Film and Television<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>02</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>130</fpage><lpage>141</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Панкратова С.А., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Панкратова С.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Pankratova S.A.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://discourse.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/561">https://discourse.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/561</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Рассматриваются особенности функционирования табуированной лексики, которая является многообразной и неустранимой особенностью современного кинематографа. Цель исследования – анализ функционирования табуированной лексики в языковом аспекте для совершенствования применения зарубежного контента в соответствии с цензурными требованиями. Для этого ставится задача проанализировать корпус табуированных единиц, выявить основные закономерности допустимого применения табуированной лексики и охарактеризовать возможные пути оптимизации ее применения.</p></sec><sec><title>Методология и источники</title><p>Методология и источники. Статья представляет результаты анализа табуированной лексики в западном кинематографе, основанного на комплексном семантико-дискурсивном и прагматическом подходе. Частнолингвистические методы наблюдения, описания и количественного подсчета используются наряду с общелингвистическими методами сравнения. Информационную базу исследования составили более 300 примеров табуированной лексики, подобранные методом сплошной выборки из 19 фильмов западного кинематографа и интернет-источника scripts.com, а также словари сленга и жаргона.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты и обсуждение</title><p>Результаты и обсуждение. Принимая во внимание многостороннее исследование табуированной лексики, статья выявляет более 30 единиц, описывающих гендерные и социальные особенности табу в лексике английского языка, несущие директивный характер. Подобные единицы повсеместно используются в западном кинематографе, снижая регистр речи киногероев и общий культурный уровень киноиндустрии. Анализ демонстрирует, что, несмотря на недопустимость сниженного регистра, табу способно создавать правдоподобные образы киногероев и их сценарного поведения.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Как показало обращение к проблеме табуированности, ее применение носителями английского языка в кинофильмах вызвано соображениями повышения эмоциональной и оценочной выразительности высказываний. Обращает на себя внимание маргинализированная среда и тематика общения на темы преступлений и нетрудовых доходов, с помощью табу обусловливающая директивность дискурса и языковую игру.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. The article reviews peculiarities of functioning of taboo lexis, which is a manysided and indispensable aspect of modern filmmaking. The study aims at the analysis of taboo functioning in the linguistic field in order to improve foreign content application in compliance with censorship requirements. The implementation presupposes analysis of taboo lexical units, revealing their functioning features as regards to acceptable implementation of the taboo and to depict the possible ways of optimization of its use in modern cinema.</p></sec><sec><title>Methodology and sources</title><p>Methodology and sources. The article presents results of the analysis of the taboo lexis in Western filmmaking, the former being based on a complex semantic-discursive and pragmatic approach. Specific linguistic methods of observation, description and quantitative measurement are used in the article together with the general linguistic methods of comparison. Informative basis of the study is comprised of more than 300 examples selected by the method of continuous sampling from 19 Western films and y means of the internet-resource scripts.com, as well as slang and jargon dictionaries.</p></sec><sec><title>Results and discussion</title><p>Results and discussion. Taking into account many-sided study of the taboo lexis, the article reveals more than 60 units representing gender, and social features of taboo in the English language carrying an imprint of directive connotation. These taboo units are ubiquitously used in the Western filmmaking degrading the speech value of film characters and the general cultural level of film industry. The analysis demonstrates that taboo lexis is able to create veritable images of film characters and their scenic behaviour in spite of the unacceptability of taboo usage in mass media.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. As was shown by the study of the taboo lexis its application by English-language speakers in film is conditioned by considerations of magnified emotional and evaluating expressivity of the speech. It is particularly noticeable that marginalized strata and theme scope of communication on topics of crime of illegal income with the help of taboo is defined by directivity of the discourse and language play.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>табу</kwd><kwd>инвективная лексика</kwd><kwd>дисфемизм</kwd><kwd>вульгаризм</kwd><kwd>концептуализация</kwd><kwd>дискурс</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>taboo</kwd><kwd>invective lexis</kwd><kwd>disphemism</kwd><kwd>vulgarisms</kwd><kwd>conceptualization</kwd><kwd>discourse</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ayto J. The Oxford Dictionary of Modern Slang. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press, 1996.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ayto, J. (1996), The Oxford Dictionary of Modern Slang, Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford, GBR.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Crystal D. The Penguin Dictionary of Language. London: Penguin, 1999.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Crystal, D. (1999), The Penguin Dictionary of Language, Penguin, London, GBR.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Green Jo. The Slang Thesaurus. London: Penguin Books, 1999.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Green, Jo. (1999), The Slang Thesaurus, Penguin Books, London, GBR.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мейе А. Введение в сравнительное изучение индоевропейских языков / пер. с фр. А. М. Сухотина, Д. Н. Кудрявского. М.: Гос. соц.-экон. изд-во, 1938.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Meillet, A. (1938), Introduction a l'etude comparative des langues indoeuropeennes, Transl. by Sukhotin, A.M. and Kudryavskii, D.N., Gos. sots.-ekon. izd-vo, Moskow, USSR.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Фрейд З. Тотем и табу: сходство между психической жизнью дикарей и невротиков / пер. с нем. М.: АСТ, 2004.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Freud, S. (2004), Totem und Tabu: Einige Übereinstimmungen im Seelenleben der Wilden und der Neurotiker, Transl., AST, Moskow, RUS.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кацев А. М. Языковое табу и эвфемия. Л.: ЛГПИ, 1988.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Katsev, A.M. (1988), Yazykovoe tabu i evfemiya [Linguistic taboo and euphemism], LGPI, Leningrad, USSR.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Маковский М. М. Феномен ТАБУ в традициях и в языке индоевропейцев. Сущность – формы – развитие. М.: КомКнига, 2006.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Makovskii, M.M. (2006), Fenomen TABU v traditsiyakh i v yazyke indoevropeitsev. Sushchnost' – formy – razvitie [The phenomenon of TABOO in the traditions and language of the Indo-Europeans. Essence forms development], KomKniga, Moskow, RUS.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Зеленин Д. К. Восточнославянская этнография. М.: Наука, 1991.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zelenin, D.K. (1991), Vostochnoslavyanskaya etnografiya [East Slavic ethnography], Nauka, Moskow, USSR.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Хейзинга И. Homo ludens. В тени завтрашнего дня / пер. с нидерл. М.: Прогресс, 1992.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Huizinga, Jo. (1992), Homo ludens. In de schaduwen van morgen, Transl., Progress, Moskow, RUS.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Степанов Ю. С. Язык и Метод. К современной философии языка. М.: Языки русской культуры, 1998.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stepanov, Yu.S. (1998), Yazyk i Metod. K sovremennoi filosofii yazyka [Language and Method. Toward a modern philosophy of language], Yazyki russkoi kul'tury, Moskow, RUS.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Демьянков В. З. Понимание как интерпретирующая деятельность // Вопросы языкознания. 1983. № 6. С. 58–67.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dem'yankov, V.Z. (1983), “Understanding as an interpretive activity”, Voprosy Jazykoznanija, no. 6, pp. 58–67.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Карасик В. И. Языковой круг: личность, концепты, дискурс. М.: Гнозис, 2004.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Karasik, V.I. (2004), Yazykovoi krug: lichnost', kontsepty, diskurs [Language circle: personality, concepts, discourse], Gnozis, Moskow, RUS.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alpha Dog, 2005 // Scripts. URL: https://www.scripts.com/script/alpha_dog_2596 (дата обращения: 27.07.2022).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">“Alpha Dog” (2005), Scripts, available at: https://www.scripts.com/script/alpha_dog_2596 (accessed 27.07.2022).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sweet Sixteen, 2002 // Scripts. URL: https://www.scripts.com/script/sweet_sixteen_19228 (дата обращения: 26.07.2022).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">“Sweet Sixteen” (2002), Scripts, available at: https://www.scripts.com/script/sweet_sixteen_ 19228 (accessed 26.07.2022).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">The Wolf of Wall Street, 2013 // Scripts. URL: https://www.scripts.com/script/the_wolf_of_wall_street_44 (дата обращения: 25.07.2022).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">“The Wolf of Wall Street” (2013), Scripts, available at: https://www.scripts.com/script/the_wolf_of_wall_street_44 (accessed 25.07.2022).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Residue, 2017 // Scripts. URL: https://www.scripts.com/script/residue_16816 (дата обращения: 26.07.2022).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">“Residue”	(2017),	Scripts,	available	at:	https://www.scripts.com/script/residue_16816 (accessed 26.07.2022).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Summer of Sam, 1999 // Scripts. URL: https://www.scripts.com/script/summer_of_sam_19094 (дата обращения: 26.07.2022).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">“Summer of Sam” (1999), Scripts, available at: https://www.scripts.com/script/summer_of_sam_19094 (accessed 26.07.2022).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Running Scared, 2006 // Scripts. URL: https://www.scripts.com/script/running_scared_17259 (дата обращения: 25.07.2022).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">“Running Scared” (2006), Scripts, available at: https://www.scripts.com/script/running_scared_ 17259 (accessed 25.07.2022).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Вяльяк К. Э. Синтаксические средства интенсификации эмфатических структур (на материале испанского языка) // Альманах современной науки и образования. 2008. № 2 (9). Ч. II. C. 51–52.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vyal’yak, K.E. (2008), “Syntactic Means of Intensifying Emphatic Structures (on the Material of the Spanish Language)”, Almanac of Modern Science and Education, no. 2 (9), part 2, pp. 51–52.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">End of Watch, 2012 // Scripts. URL: https://www.scripts.com/script/end_of_watch_7651 (дата обращения: 26.07.2022).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">“End of Watch” (2012), Scripts, available at: https://www.scripts.com/script/end_of_watch_7651 (accessed 26.07.2022).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Filth, 2013 // Scripts. URL: https://www.scripts.com/script/filth_8166 (дата обращения: 26.07.2022).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">“Filth” (2013), Scripts, available at: https://www.scripts.com/script/filth_8166 (accessed 26.07.2022).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Joker, 2019 // Scripts. URL: https://www.scripts.com/script/joker_24303 (дата обращения: 27.07.2022).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">“Joker” (2019), Scripts, available at: https://www.scripts.com/script/joker_24303 (accessed 27.07.2022).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Heat, 1995 // Scripts. URL: https://www.scripts.com/script/heat_9763 (дата обращения: 26.07.2022).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">“Heat” (1995), Scripts, available at: https://www.scripts.com/script/heat_9763 (accessed 26.07.2022).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Going in Style, 2015 // Scripts. URL: https://www.scripts.com/script/going_in_style_9114 (дата обращения: 24.07.2022).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">“Going in Style” (2015), Scripts, available at: https://www.scripts.com/script/going_in_style_ 9114 (accessed 24.07.2022).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Twin Town, 1997 // Scripts. URL: https://www.scripts.com/script/twin_town_22399 (дата обращения: 26.07.2022).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">“Twin Town” (1997), Scripts, available at: https://www.scripts.com/script/twin_town_22399 (accessed 26.07.2022).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hollow Man, 2000 // Scripts. URL: https://www.scripts.com/script/hollow_man_305 (дата обращения: 26.07.2022).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">“Hollow Man” (2000), Scripts, available at: https://www.scripts.com/script/hollow_man_305 (accessed 26.07.2022).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pulp Fiction, 1994 // Scripts. URL: https://www.scripts.com/script/pulp_fiction_75 (дата обращения: 25.07.2022).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">“Pulp Fiction” (1994), Scripts, available at: https://www.scripts.com/script/pulp_fiction_75 (accessed 25.07.2022).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Белова Т. М. Гендерная метафора как отражение культурного концепта «маскулинность» во французском языке: автореф. дис. … канд. филол. наук / КемГУ. Кемерово, 2007.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Belova, T.M. (2007), “Gender metaphor as a reflection of the cultural concept of "masculinity" in French”, Abstract of Can. Sci. (Philology) dissertation, KemSU, Kemerovo, RUS.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
