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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">discourse</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Дискурс</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Discourse</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2412-8562</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-7777</issn><publisher><publisher-name>СПбГЭТУ «ЛЭТИ»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32603/2412-8562-2023-9-1-5-17</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">discourse-552</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФИЛОСОФИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PHILOSOPHY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Аргументативная схема для абдукции</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Argumentative Scheme for Abduction</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3855-006X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Боброва</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bobrova</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Боброва Ангелина Сергеевна – кандидат философских наук (2005), доцент (2018), доцент кафедры истории зарубежной философии Российского государственного гуманитарного университета; доцент школы философии и культурологии НИУ «Высшая школа экономики»</p><p>Миусская пл., д. 6, Москва, 125993, </p><p>ул. Старая Басманная, д. 21/4, Москва, 105064</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Angelina S. Bobrova – Can. Sci. (Philosophy, 2005), Docent (2018), Associate Professor at the Department of philosophy, Russian State University for the Humanities; Associate Professor at the School of Philosophy and Culturology, Higher School of Economics</p><p>6 Miusskaya sq., Moscow 125993, </p><p>21/4 Staraya Basmannaya str., Moscow 105064</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">angelina.bobrova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Российский государственный гуманитарный университет;&#13;
НИУ «Высшая школа экономики»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Russian State University for the Humanities;&#13;
Higher School of Economics<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>02</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>5</fpage><lpage>17</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Боброва А.С., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Боброва А.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bobrova A.S.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://discourse.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/552">https://discourse.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/552</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. В статье показывается, какими средствами в теории аргументации может уточняться абдуктивный шаг диалога. Для этой цели задействуются аргументативные схемы, т. е. стереотипные образцы наиболее употребляемых естественных рассуждений. Основная задача работы – предложить уточненную версию аргументативной схемы абдукции и сопроводить ее набором критических вопросов.</p></sec><sec><title>Методология и источники</title><p>Методология и источники. В начале статьи рассматриваются аргументативные схемы абдукции Д. Уолтона, а также C. Ю и Ф. Ценкера, разбираются их достоинства и недостатки. Затем систематизируются особенности абдукции, которые выделяют новейшие логико-эпистемологические исследования. Особый акцент ставится на логической модели, предложенной Д. Габбаем и Дж. Вудсом.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты и обсуждение</title><p>Результаты и обсуждение. Оба подхода (Д. Уолтон, C. Ю и Ф. Ценкер) не лишены проблем. Несколько нивелировать их позволяют последние результаты исследований абдукции, полученные в области логики и эпистемологии. Ключевыми для понимания оказываются идеи Дж. Вудса: абдукция предполагает сохранение незнания и основывается на отношении заключаемости. Это слабое рассуждение, которое не может быть отделено от других аргументов. Все это позволяет уточнить почти неизвестную (с интеррогативным заключением) схему абдукции, которая была предложена еще Ч. С. Пирсом.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Автор предлагает собственный вариант формулировки аргументативной схемы абдукции, которая базируется на малоизвестном предложении Ч. С. Пирса. Ее формальную составляющую задает переход от консеквента к антецеденту с заключением для исследования (investigand mood), а материальная составляющая отражает рассуждение от удивления к исследованию. Спорные аспекты схемы поясняет модель Д. Габбая и Дж. Вудса. Она же уточняет и возможности критических вопросов, которые, сопровождая схему, несколько теряют свою традиционную функцию оценки.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. The paper scrutinizes abduction through the lens of the argumentation theory. Abduction is treated as an argument with a special argumentative scheme. Argumentation schemes are seen as stereotypical patterns of common types of arguments used in everyday discourse. The main issue of this publication is to specify the scheme of abductive argument and supply it with so-called critical questions. Such questions should identify, reconstruct and evaluate abduction in dialogs.</p></sec><sec><title>Methodology and sources</title><p>Methodology and sources. At first, I analyze D. Walton and S. Yu &amp; F. Zenker’s patterns of abductive argument, scrutiny their advantages and disadvantages. Then, based on the results of relatively new logical and philosophical investigations, I systemize the peculiarities of abduction. The role of D. Gabbay and J. Wood’s model is especially emphasized.</p></sec><sec><title>Results and discussion</title><p>Results and discussion. Both approaches (D. Walton and S. Yu &amp; F. Zenker) are not free of problems. However, several recent logico-epistemological specifications of abduction can reduce them. I mean the position that abduction preserves ignorance and presumes J. Wood’s conclusionality relation. This reasoning is weak and cannot be distinguished from other arguments. These proposals and almost unknown (with interrogative conclusion) Ch. S. Peirce’s scheme of abduction produce a core of argumentative scheme.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. I provide a version of argumentative scheme of abduction with the set of critical questions. Its formal structure is defined as a move from the consequent to antecedent with the investigand mood conclusion while the material side is seen as reasoning from surprise to investigation. Modified D. Gabbay and J. Wood’s model clarifies the controversial aspects of this argumentative scheme. It also specifies critical questions functions since they lose their traditional role of evaluation.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>абдукция</kwd><kwd>абдуктивный вывод</kwd><kwd>аргументативная схема</kwd><kwd>критические вопросы</kwd><kwd>аргументация</kwd><kwd>теория аргументации</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>abduction</kwd><kwd>abductive inference</kwd><kwd>argumentative scheme</kwd><kwd>critical questions</kwd><kwd>argumentation</kwd><kwd>argumentation theory</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Работа выполнена при поддержке гранта РНФ (проект № 20-18-00158 «Формальная философия аргументации и комплексная методология поиска и отбора решений спора») по заказу СПбГУ</funding-statement></funding-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>The work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (project no. 20-1800158 “Formal Philosophy of Argumentation and a Comprehensive Methodology for Finding and Selecting Dispute Resolutions”) commissioned by St Petersburg State University</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Peirce C. 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