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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">discourse</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Дискурс</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Discourse</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2412-8562</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-7777</issn><publisher><publisher-name>СПбГЭТУ «ЛЭТИ»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32603/2412-8562-2022-8-2-17-27</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">discourse-478</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФИЛОСОФИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PHILOSOPHY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Машины и человеческая эпистемология</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Machines and Human Epistemology</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0973-2756</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дёмин</surname><given-names>Т. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Demin</surname><given-names>T. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дёмин Тимофей Сергеевич – ассистент кафедры философии </p><p>ул. Профессора Попова, д. 5Ф, Санкт-Петербург, 197022</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Timofei S. Demin – Assistant Lecturer at the Department of Philosophy, Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University</p><p>5F Professor Popov str., St Petersburg 197022</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">detimofei@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9071-6138</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фролов</surname><given-names>К. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Frolov</surname><given-names>K. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Фролов Константин Геннадьевич – кандидат философских наук (2017), научный сотрудник Международной лаборатории логики, лингвистики и формальной философии; научный сотрудник кафедры философии </p><p>ул. Профессора Попова, 5Ф, Санкт-Петербург, 197022; Покровский б-р, д. 11, Москва, 109028</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Konstantin G. Frolov – Can. Sci. (Philosophy) (2017), Research Officer at the International Laboratory for Logic, Linguistics and Formal Philosophy</p><p>Research Officer at the Department of Philosophy</p><p>11 Pokrovsky blvd., Moscow 109028</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kgfrolov@etu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский государственный электротехнический университет «ЛЭТИ» им. В. И. Ульянова (Ленина)</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский государственный электротехнический университет «ЛЭТИ» им. В. И. Ульянова (Ленина); НИУ «Высшая школа экономики»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University; Higher School of Economics</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>04</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>8</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>17</fpage><lpage>27</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Дёмин Т.С., Фролов К.Г., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Дёмин Т.С., Фролов К.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Demin T.S., Frolov K.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://discourse.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/478">https://discourse.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/478</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. В статье анализируется структура эпистемологии знаний слабого искусственного интеллекта в сопоставлении со структурой эпистемологии знаний человека. Актуальность проблематики подобного рода объясняется востребованностью одного из наиболее динамично развивающихся разделов современной философии – философии искусственного интеллекта. Новизна исследования связана с идеей применения инструментов анализа, разработанных в рамках аналитической эпистемологии, к области искусственного интеллекта (ИИ).</p></sec><sec><title>Методология и источники</title><p>Методология и источники. Статья написана в рамках аналитической традиции в философии. Для исследования существенных аспектов понятия знания используется концептуальный анализ, предполагающий, что объяснение сложного явления требует выявления компонентов, из которых оно состоит. Этот метод лег в основу аналитической дискуссии о знании второй половины XX в. Также в статье применяется сравнительный анализ.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты и обсуждение</title><p>Результаты и обсуждение. Знания людей отличаются тремя существенными характеристиками – наличием информационно-несущих ментальных состояний, их надежностью и фактивностью. Было проанализировано, насколько информационно-несущие внутренние состояния слабого ИИ соответствуют этим качествам. Был сделан вывод, что внутренние состояния могут считаться убеждениями при слабой трактовке, иметь высокую степень надежности при определенных условиях и способны обладать фактивностью в случае, если принять, что слабый ИИ обладает убеждениями.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Слабая трактовка понятия убеждения позволяет утверждать, что нейронные сети способны иметь убеждения. Более строгая трактовка понятия убеждения включает также требование понимания смысла. Однако в нашем распоряжении нет удовлетворительной теории понимания смысла. При этом условие надежности представляет собой единственный из критериев знания, которому могут соответствовать функциональные состояния машин в случае некоторых задач, в связи с чем особенно остро встает проблема генеральности.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. The article analyzes the structure of the epistemology of knowledge of weak artificial intelligence in comparison with the structure of human knowledge. The article was written within the framework of one of the most demanded branch sections of philosophy – the philosophy of artificial intelligence. The novelty of the research is based on the idea of applying the analysis of knowledge developed within the framework of analytical epistemology to the field of artificial intelligence.</p></sec><sec><title>Methodology and sources</title><p>Methodology and sources. The article is written in the framework of analytical tradition in philosophy. We use conceptual analysis to analyze the most crucial aspects of knowledge. This method assumes that in order to explain a complex phenomenon, it is necessary to analyze its components. This method formed the basis of an analytical discussion about knowledge in the second half of the 20th century. The article also uses comparative analysis.</p></sec><sec><title>Results and discussion</title><p>Results and discussion. People's knowledge is characterized by three essential characteristics – the presence of information-bearing mental states, their reliability, and factuality. We analyzed to what extent the information-carrying internal states of a weak AI correspond to these qualities. The authors concluded that internal states can be considered beliefs if they are weakly interpreted, they can have a high degree of reliability under certain conditions, and they can have factuality if we accept that a weak AI has beliefs.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. A weak interpretation of the concept of belief allows us to argue that neural networks are capable of having beliefs. A more rigorous interpretation of the concept of belief also includes the requirement to understand the meaning. However, we do not have at our disposal a satisfactory theory of understanding meaning. In this case, the condition of reliability is the only criterion of knowledge to which the functional states of machines can correspond in the case of certain tasks, in connection with which the problem of generality arises especially acutely.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>эпистемология</kwd><kwd>знание</kwd><kwd>убеждение</kwd><kwd>искусственный интеллект</kwd><kwd>эпистемология искусственного интеллекта</kwd><kwd>условие надежности</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>epistemology</kwd><kwd>knowledge</kwd><kwd>belief</kwd><kwd>artificial intelligence</kwd><kwd>epistemology of artificial intelligence</kwd><kwd>safety condirion</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лакофф Д. Женщины, огонь и опасные вещи. Что категории языка говорят нам о мышлении / пер. с англ. И. Б. Шатуновского. 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