discourseДискурсDiscourse2412-85622658-7777СПбГЭТУ «ЛЭТИ»10.32603/2412-8562-2021-7-4-79-91discourse-424Research ArticleСОЦИОЛОГИЯSOCIOLOGYФейки о коронавирусе: коммуникативные технологии конструирования ложных сообщенийFakes about Coronavirus: Communicational Technologies for Constructing False Messageshttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9335-8738ВасильковаВ. В.VasilkovaV. V.

Василькова Валерия Валентиновна – доктор философских наук (2000), профессор (2003), профессор кафедры социологии культуры и коммуникации. Автор 171 научной публикации. Сфера научных интересов: социология коммуникаций, социальная эпистемология, интернет-коммуникация, фрейм-анализ, методы изучения коммуникации.

Университетская наб., д. 7/9, Санкт-Петербург, 199034

Valeriya V. Vasilkova – Dr. Sci. (Philosophy) (2000), Professor (2003), Professor at the Department of Sociology of Culture and Communication. The author of 171 scientific publications. Area of expertise: sociology of communications, social epistemology, Internet communication, frame analysis, methods of studying communication.

7/9 University emb., St Petersburg 199034

v.vasilkova@spbu.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3405-4045ТрекинП. А.TrekinP. A.

Трекин Павел Александрович – магистр социологических наук (2020). Автор 3 научных публикаций. Сфера научных интересов: компьютерная пропаганда.

Университетская наб., д. 7/9, Санкт-Петербург, 199034

Pavel A. Trekin – Master (Sociology) (2020). The author of 3 scientific publications. Area of expertise: computer propaganda.

7/9 University emb., St Petersburg 199034

tr.pascha@yandex.ruСанкт-Петербургский государственный университетРоссияSaint Petersburg State UniversityRussian Federation202128092021747991Copyright © Василькова В.В., Трекин П.А., 20212021Василькова В.В., Трекин П.А.Vasilkova V.V., Trekin P.A.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://discourse.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/424Введение

Введение. Интерес к проблеме ложных (фейковых) новостей значительно возрос в ситуации пандемии коронавируса, когда потоки ложной информации рассматриваются как препятствие для реализации мер по борьбе с самой пандемией и ее последствиями. Авторы ставят задачу изучит ь работы, посвященные анализу конструирования и распознавания ложных новостей о COVID-19, уделяя особое внимание процедурам фактчекинга – проверки достоверности сведений, содержащихся в сообщении. Новизна авторского подхода заключается в использовании соде ржательного анализа фактчекингового ресурса для выявления коммуникативных технологий конструирования фейковых новостей о коронавирусе.

Методология и источники

Методология и источники. В качестве теоретической рамки была использована информационная модель коммуникации К. Шеннона, структурирующая коммуникацию как процесс передачи информации и фиксирующая возможность шумов (искажений) на различных участках этого процесса. Эмпирической базой исследования послужил фактчекинговый ресурс, специализирующийся на выявлении фейков о коронавирусе (рассмотрено 47 единиц анализа за период с марта по май 2020 г.) .

Результаты и обсуждение

Результаты и обсуждение. В результате исследования были идентифицированы конкретные коммуникативные технологии целенаправленного конструирования ложных новостей – искажения в канале коммуникации, искажения в коде (содержании) сообщения, искажения в источнике сообщения. Также были выявлены типы искажений, связанные с содержанием коммуникации – основанные на создании ложного контента, перекодировании информации (придани и ей новой интерпретации), редактировании оригинала. Были зафиксированы различная частотность применения этих технологий для данного объема единиц анализа, преобладание технологии искажения канала коммуникации.

Заключение

Заключение. Авторы делают вывод о важности и актуальности темы конструирования фейковых новостей в ситуации продолжающейся пандемии COVID -19, демонстрируют продуктивность использования фактчекинговых ресурсов для выявления различных коммуникативных технологий конструирования ложных сообщений, что создает новые перспективы для их распознавания и противостояния им.

Introduction

Introduction. Interest in the problem of false (fake) news has increased significantly in the situation of the coronavirus pandemic, when the flow of false information considered as an obstacle to the implementation of measures to combat the pandemic itself and its consequences. The authors aim to study the existing works devoted to the analysis of the construction and recognition of false news about COVID-19, paying special attention to the procedures of fact-checking-process of verifying the accuracy of the information contained in the message. The novelty of the author’s approach lies in the use of a content analysis of the fact-checking resource to identify communication technologies for constructing fake news about the coronavirus.

Methodology and sources

Methodology and sources. As a theoretical framework, authors used the information model of communication by Claude Shannon, structuring communication as a process of information transmission and fixing the possibility of noise (distortion) in various parts of this process. The empirical basis of the study was a fact-checking resource that specializes in identifying fakes about the coronavirus (47 units of analysis were considered for the period from March to May 2020).

Results and discussion

Results and discussion. In the result of the research, specific communication technologies of purposeful construction of false news were identified – distortions in the communication channel, distortions in the message code (content), distortions in the message source. We also identified the types of distortions associated with the content of communication – based on the creation of false content, recoding information (giving it a new interpretation), editing the original. Different frequency of application of these technologies for a given volume of analysis units were been recorded, as well a s the predominance of the technology of distortion of the communication channel.

Conclusion

Conclusion. The authors draw a conclusion about the importance and relevance of the topic of constructing fake news in the situation of the ongoing COVID -19 pandemic, demonstrate the productivity of using fact-checking resources to identify various communicative technologies for constructing false messages, which creates new prospects for recognizing and countering them.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.