<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">discourse</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Дискурс</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Discourse</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2412-8562</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-7777</issn><publisher><publisher-name>СПбГЭТУ «ЛЭТИ»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32603/2412-8562-2020-6-3-78-93</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">discourse-330</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СОЦИОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SOCIOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Трансгуманизм в аналитических перспективах классической и неклассической социологии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Transhumanism in Analytical Prospects of Classical and Non-Classic Sociology</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0699-1410</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щербина</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shcherbina</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Щербина Александра Вениаминовна – кандидат философских наук (1989), доцент кафедры социологии и политологии. Автор 30 научных публикаций. Сфера научных интересов: методология социального познания, социальное воспроизводство, социализация, социальный конфликт.</p><p>ул. Профессора Попова, д. 5, Санкт-Петербург, 197376.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexandra V. Shcherbina – Can. Sci. (Philosophy) (1989), Associate Professor at the Department of Sociology and Political Science. The author of 30 scientific publications. Area of expertise: methodology of social cognition, social reproduction, socialization, social conflict.</p><p>5 Professor Popov str., St Petersburg 197376.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ashcherbina@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский государственный электротехнический университет «ЛЭТИ» им. В. И. Ульянова (Ленина)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>07</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>6</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>78</fpage><lpage>93</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Щербина А.В., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Щербина А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shcherbina A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://discourse.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/330">https://discourse.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/330</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Цель исследования – анализ и обобщение взглядов на трансгуманизм (далее – ТГ), представленных в современном дискурсе, и концептуальных подходов к оценке последствий его распространения. Актуальность социологического анализа ТГ определяется интенсивностью дискуссий и противоречивостью его оценок в социальных медиа и экспертном сообществе, ростом его международного влияния и угроз воплощения новых норм, задаваемых идеологией ТГ. Научная новизна работы состоит в типологической интерпретации понятия ТГ в его деятельностном и информационно-коммуникативном аспектах.</p></sec><sec><title>Методология и источники</title><p>Методология и источники. В работе использованы результаты исследований, представленных в отечественных и зарубежных публикациях о трансгуманизме, материалы публичных страниц онлайн сообществ «Трансгуманизм» и «Трансгуманизм без границ» в социальных сетях «ВКонтакте» и «Живом журнале». Привлекаются объясняющие модели классической и неклассической социологии: теория подражания Г. Тарда, социокультурный подход Э. Дюркгейма, структурно-функциональный анализ Т. Парсонса, генеалогический анализ М. Фуко, теория рациональности Ю. Хабермаса. Используется историко-генетический метод, адекватный индивидуализирующему характеру социально-исторического познания.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты и обсуждение</title><p>Результаты и обсуждение. ТГ – новая глобальная идеология, которая конфигурирует образы социального мира, восходящие к архаичным мифам, с представлениями синтетической теории эволюции, технонауки, социальной философии. ТГ – идеология, адекватная породившим ее условиям и новому типу социального субъекта: ослабление наций-государств и формирование информационного контура глобального общества, новой инфраструктуры коммуникации как пространства всеобщего материального и духовного обмена, нового социального субъекта – «сообществ», мобилизованных для борьбы за личные права и самоопределение в антропологической сфере. Конструируемому в экспериментальном режиме образу жизни придается нормативное значение. ТГ отвечает императиву глобализации как культурная идеология, поскольку культура интерпретируется им как универсум методов, средств и технологий, которые позволяют человеку рационально воздействовать на самого себя. Рациональность в ТГ выступает высшей ценностью, критерием оценки и отбора нормативных конструкций будущего, осваиваемых сообществами (меньшинствами), подчеркнуто лишенными черт этнической принадлежности и культурно-исторического своеобразия.</p><p>Рассматриваются критические аргументы и полемика с ТГ в религиозном дискурсе. Обсуждается идеологический статус ТГ. Прослеживается радикализация в ТГ идей либерализма и коммунизма. ТГ исследуется в качестве платформы, объединяющей идеологические субкультуры сообществ, ориентирующихся на «рациональность», для анализа которой привлекается потенциал неклассической социологии.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. ТГ – утопия в специфическом смысле: это социально-антропологическая практика, представленная в теоретическом сознании образом будущего, а в практическом – экспериментальным настоящим. Социальные последствия распространения идеологии ТГ мы должны оценивать одновременно методами исторического анализа и футуристического моделирования.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. The purpose of the study is to analyze and generalize the views on transhumanism (TH), presented in the modern discourse, and conceptual approaches to assessing the consequences of its spread. The relevance of the sociological analysis of TH is determined by the intensity of discussions and the inconsistency of its assessments in social media and the expert community, the growth of its international influence and the threats of the implementation of new norms set by the ideology of TH. The scientific novelty of the work consists in a typological interpretation of the concept of TH in its activity and information and communication aspects.</p></sec><sec><title>Methodology and sources</title><p>Methodology and sources. In the work the results of studies presented in domestic and foreign publications on TH are used, as well as the materials of the public pages of the online communities Transhumanism and Transhumanism Without Borders in the social networks VKontakte and LiveJournal. Explanatory models of classical and non-classical sociology are involved: the theory of imitation of G. Tarde, the sociocultural approach of E. Durkheim, the structural-functional analysis of T. Parsons, the genealogical analysis of M. Foucault, the theory of rationality of J. Habermas. The historical-genetic method is used, which is adequate to the individualizing nature of socio-historical knowledge.</p></sec><sec><title>Results and discussion</title><p>Results and discussion. TH is a new global ideology that configures images of the social world dating back to archaic myths with representations of a synthetic theory of evolution, technoscience, and social philosophy. TH is an ideology adequate to the conditions that gave rise to it and a new type of social subject: weakening nation-states and the formation of the information contour of global society, a new communication infrastructure as a space for universal material and spiritual exchange, a new social subject – “communities” mobilized to fight for personal rights and self-determination in the anthropological field. The lifestyle constructed in the experimental mode is given a normative value. TH meets the imperative of globalization as a cultural ideology, since it interprets culture as a universe of methods, tools, and technologies that allow a person to rationally influence himself. Rationality in the TH is the highest value, a criterion for assessing and selecting the normative constructions of the future, developed by communities (minorities), which are underlined by features of ethnicity and cultural and historical identity.</p><p>Critical arguments and polemics with TH in religious discourse are examined. The ideological status of TH is discussed. There is a radicalization in the TH of the ideas of liberalism and communism. TH is being studied as a platform uniting the ideological subcultures of communities oriented toward “rationality”, the analysis of which draws on the potential of non-classical sociology.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. TH is a utopia in a specific sense: it is a socio-anthropological practice, represented in the theoretical consciousness as an image of the future, and in practical terms as an experimental present. We must evaluate the social consequences of the spread of the ideology of TH at the same time by methods of historical analysis and futuristic modeling.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>трансгуманизм</kwd><kwd>рациональность</kwd><kwd>идеология</kwd><kwd>автономия</kwd><kwd>типы рациональности</kwd><kwd>трансцендентное</kwd><kwd>сообщества</kwd><kwd>меньшинства</kwd><kwd>социально-антропологическая практика</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>transhumanism</kwd><kwd>rationality</kwd><kwd>ideology</kwd><kwd>autonomy</kwd><kwd>types of rationality</kwd><kwd>transcendental</kwd><kwd>communities</kwd><kwd>minorities</kwd><kwd>socio-anthropological practice</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Луков В. А. Трансгуманизм // Знание. Понимание. Умение. 2017. № 1. C. 245-252. DOI: 10.17805/zpu.2017.1.20.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lukov, V.A. (2017), “Transgumanizm”, Knowledge.Understanding. Skill, no. 1, pp. 245-252. DOI: 10.17805/zpu.2017.1.20.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Полякова О. В. Трансгуманистическое движение как социокультурный феномен // Вестник РГГУ. Серия «Философия. Социология. Искусствоведение». 2012. №17 (97). C. 189-198.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Polyakova O. (2012),”The transhumanity movement as a social-cultural phenomenon”, RSUH/RGGU BULLETIN. Series “Philosophy. Sociology. Art Studies”, no. 17 (97), pp. 189-198.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Катасонов В. Н. Новая эволюционная утопия: трансгуманизм. 2014. URL: https://www.pravmir.ru/novaya-evolyutsionnaya-utopiya-transgumanizm (дата обращения: 30.03.2020).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Katasonov, V.N. (2014), Novaya evolyutsionnaya utopiya: transgumanizm [New Evolutionary Utopia: Transhumanism], available at: https://www.pravmir.ru/novaya-evolyutsionnaya-utopiya-transgumanizm (accessed 30.03.2020).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ильин Г. Л. «Трансгуманизация» современного образования // Высшее образование в России. 2018. № 1 (219). С. 133-142.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ilyin, G.L. (2018), “TRANSHUMANIZATION” OF MODERN EDUCATION”, Vysshee obrazovanie v Rossii [Higher Education in Russia], no. 1 (219), pp. 133-142.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дюркгейм Э. Социология. Ее предмет, метод, предназначение / пер. с фр. А. Б. Гофмана. М.: Канон, 1995.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Durkheim, E. (1995), Sotsiologiya. Ee predmet, metod, prednaznachenie [The Rules of Sociological Method], Translated by Gofman, A.B., Kanon, Moscow, RUS.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Выступление Святейшего Патриарха Кирилла на торжественном акте, посвященном 10-летию Поместного Собора и интронизации Его Святейшества 31 января 2019 г. URL: http://www.patriarchia.ru/db/text/5364415.html (дата обращения: 30.03.2020).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vystuplenie Svyateishego Patriarkha Kirilla na torzhestvennom akte, posvyashchennom 10-letiyu Pomestnogo Sobora i intronizatsii Ego Svyateishestva 31 yanvarya 2019 g. [Speech by His Holiness Patriarch Kirill at a ceremony dedicated to the 10th anniversary of the Local Council and the intronization of His Holiness January 31, 2019], available at: http://www.patriarchia.ru/db/text/5364415.html (accessed 30.03.2020).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Odorcak J. Exorganic Posthumanism and Brain-Computer Interface Technologies // Postmodern Openings. 2019. Vol. 10, № 4. P. 193 - 208. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/po/103.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Odorcak, J. (2019), “Exorganic Posthumanism and Brain-Computer Interface Technologies”, Postmodern Openings, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 193-208. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/po/103.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Belk R., Humayun M., Gopaldas A. Artificial Life // Journal of Macromarketing. 2020. URL: https://journals.sagepub.com/ doi/10.1177/0276146719897361 (дата обращения: 30.03.2020).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Belk, R., Humayun, M. and Gopaldas, A. (2020), ”Artificial Life“, Journal of Macromarketing. available at: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0276146719897361 (accessed 30.03.2020).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Campione R. A vueltas con el Transhumanismo: cuestiones de futuro imperfecto | Dealing with Transhumanism: Issues about the Future Imperfect // Cuadernos Electronicos de Filosofia del Derecho. 2019. № 40. P. 45-67. https://doi.org/10.7203/CEFD.40.13881.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Campione, R. (2019), “A vueltas con el Transhumanismo: cuestiones de futuro imperfecto | Dealing with Transhumanism: Issues about the Future Imperfect”, Cuadernos Electronicos de Filosofia del Derecho, no. 40, pp. 45-67. https://doi.org/10.7203/CEFD.40.13881.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Peters T. Imago Dei, DNA, and the Transhuman Way // Theology and Science. 2018. Vol. 16, N 3. P. 1-10. DOI: 10.1080/14746700.2018.1488529.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Peters, T. (2018), “Imago Dei, DNA, and the Transhuman Way”, Theology and Science, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 1-10. DOI: 10.1080/14746700.2018.1488529.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pohar B. Transhumanism in the Service of Human's Responsability for Creation // Bogoslovni vestnik/Theological Quarterly 2019. Vol. 79, N 3. P. 643-656. https://doi.org/10.34291/BV2019/03/Pohar</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pohar, B. (2019), “Transhumanism in the Service of Human's Responsability for Creation”, Theological Quarterly, vol. 79, no. 3. P. 643-656. https://doi.org/10.34291/BV2019/03/Pohar.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Biancu S. The Human Measure and the (Impossible?) Legacy of Humanism Guest Editor's Preface // Etica &amp; Politica / Ethics &amp; Politics. 2019. Vol. 21, № 2. P. 9-23. DOI: 10.13137/1825-5167/28131.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Biancu, S. (2019), “The Human Measure and the (Impossible?) Legacy of Humanism Guest Editor's Preface”, Etica &amp; Politica / Ethics &amp; Politics, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 9-23. DOI: 10.13137/1825-5167/28131.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jung D. Transhumanism and the Theology of Xiang: Deconstructing Transhumanism's Self-Centered Epistemology and Retrieving a Communal Sense of Being // Theology and Science. 2019. Vol. 17, iss. 4. P. 524-538. https://doi.org/10.1080/14746700.2019.1670966.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jung, D. (2019), “Transhumanism and the Theology of Xiang: Deconstructing Transhumanism's Self-Centered Epistemology and Retrieving a Communal Sense of Being”, Theology and Science, vol. 17, iss. 4, pp. 524-538. https://doi.org/10.1080/14746700.2019.1670966.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Goecke B. Moderate Transhumanism and Compassion // Journal of Posthuman Studies. 2018. Vol. 2, № 1. P. 28-44. DOI: 10.5325/jpoststud.2.1.0028.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Goecke, B. (2018), “Moderate Transhumanism and Compassion”, Journal of Posthuman Studies, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 28-44. DOI: 10.5325/jpoststud.2.1.0028.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Latorra M. What Is Buddhist Transhumanism? // Theology and Science. 2015. Vol. 13, iss. 2. P. 219-229. https://doi.org/10.1080/14746700.2015.1023993.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Latorra M. What Is Buddhist Transhumanism? // Theology and Science. 2015. Vol. 13, iss. 2. P. 219-229. https://doi.org/10.1080/14746700.2015.1023993.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hughes J. Buddhism and Our Posthuman Future // Sophia. 2019. Vol. 58, iss. 4. P. 653-662. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11841-018-0669-2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hughes, J. (2019), “Buddhism and Our Posthuman Future”, Sophia, vol. 58, iss. 4, pp. 653-662. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11841-018-0669-2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Goecke B. Panentheism, Transhumanism, and the Problem of Evil: from Metaphysics to Ethics // European Journal for Philosophy of Religion, vol. 11, № 2. P. 65-89. https://doi.org/10.24204/ejpr.v11i2.2971.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Goecke, B. (2019), “Panentheism, Transhumanism, and the Problem of Evil: from Metaphysics to Ethics”, European Journal for Philosophy of Religion, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 65-89. https://doi.org/10.24204/ejpr.v11i2.2971.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schussler A.-E. Transhumanism as a New Techno-Religion and Personal Development: in the Framework of a Future Technological Spirituality // Journal for the Study of Religions and Ideologies. 2019. Vol. 18, iss. 53. P. 92-106.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schussler A.-E. (2019), “Transhumanism as a New Techno-Religion and Personal Development: in the Framework of a Future Technological Spirituality”, Journal for the Study of Religions and Ideologies, vol. 18, iss. 53, pp. 92-106.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Quevedo D., Alonso A. Does Transhumanism Have Political Dreams? // Argumentos de Razón Técnica. 2019. N 22. P. 138-160. http://doi.org/10.12795/Argumentos/2019.i22.06.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Quevedo, D. and Alonso, A. (2019), “Does Transhumanism Have Political Dreams?”, Argumentos de Razón Técnica, no. 22, pp. 138-160. http://doi.org/10.12795/Argumentos/2019.i22.06.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dupret M.-A. The Left in the postmodern storm: The pitfalls of thinking about a policy of more social justice in the era of post-factualism // Universitas. 2019. Vol. 31. P. 79-95. https://doi.org/10.17163/uni.n31.2019.04.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dupret, M.-A. (2019), “The Left in the postmodern storm: The pitfalls of thinking about a policy of more social justice in the era of post-factualism”, Universitas, vol. 31, pp. 79-95. https://doi.org/10.17163/uni.n31.2019.04.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Galef J. A map of Bay Area memespace. 2013. URL: https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/WzPJRNYWhMXQTEj69/a-map-of-bay-area-memespace (дата обращения: 30.03.2020).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Galef, J. (2013), A map of Bay Area memespace, available at: https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/WzPJRNYWhMXQTEj69/a-map-of-bay-area-memespace (accessed 30.03.2020).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Головачева И. В. Наука и литература: археология научного знания Олдоса Хаксли. СПб.: СПбГУ, 2008.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Golovacheva, I.V. (2008), Nauka i literatura: arkheologiya nauchnogo znaniya Oldosa Khaksli [Science and Literature: Aldous Huxley's Archeology of Scientific Knowledge], SPbSU, SPb., RUS.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Степин В. С. Научное познание и ценности техногенной цивилизации // Вопросы философии. 1989. № 10. С. 3-18.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stepin, V.S. (1989), “Scientific knowledge and values of anthropogenic civilization”, Russian Studies in Philosophy, no. 10. С. 3-18.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gil L. F. R. Bioethics and counterculture: the Biopunk and DIYBio ethics // Revista Colombiana de Bioetica. 2019. Vol. 14, № 2. P. 53-63.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gil, L.F.R. (2019), “Bioethics and counterculture: the Biopunk and DIYBio ethics”, Revista Colombiana de Bioetica, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 53-63.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brickley L. Bodies without Borders. The Sinews and Circuitry of "folklore+" // Western Folklore. 2019. Vol. 78, № 1. P. 5-37.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brickley, L. (2019), “Bodies without Borders. The Sinews and Circuitry of "folklore+"”, Western Folklore, vol. 78, no. 1, pp. 5-37.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cook K. EmboDIYing Disruption: Queer, Feminist and Inclusive Digital Archaeologies // European Journal of Archaeology. 2019. Vol. 22, iss. 3. P. 398-414. https://doi.org/10.1017/eaa.2019.23.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cook, K. (2019), “EmboDIYing Disruption: Queer, Feminist and Inclusive Digital Archaeologies”, European Journal of Archaeology, vol. 22, iss. 3, pp. 398-414. https://doi.org/10.1017/eaa.2019.23.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Галл Я. М. Евгеника в эволюционной перспективе // Джулиан Сорелл Хаксли. 1885-1975. СПб.: Наука, 2004. С. 223-258.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gall, Ya.M. (2004), “Eugenics in an evolutionary perspective”, Julian Sorell Huxley. 1885 - 1975, Nauka, SPb., RUS, pp. 223-258.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
