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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">discourse</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Дискурс</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Discourse</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2412-8562</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-7777</issn><publisher><publisher-name>СПбГЭТУ «ЛЭТИ»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32603/2412-8562-2019-5-5-88-98</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">discourse-285</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СОЦИОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SOCIOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Связная идентичность в противоречии  «верующий» – «гражданин»</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Beyond the Believer-Citizen Dilemma in a Polity:  a Membership Approach</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чжао</surname><given-names>Ми</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhao</surname><given-names>Mi</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ми Чжао – доктор социологических наук (2015), доцент кафедры социальной психологии, директор исследовательского отделения социологических теорий факультета социологии Школы этнологии и социологии</p><p>Китай, ул. Чжунгуаньцунь, 27, Хайдянь, Пекин</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mi Zhao – PhD (Social Psychology) (2015), Assistant Professor of Social Psychology, Director of the Research Branch of Sociological Theories of the Department of Sociology, School of Ethnology and Sociology</p><p>27 Zhongguancun S. St., Haidian, Beijing</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zhaom@pku.edu.cn</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фан</surname><given-names>Вэнь</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fang</surname><given-names>Wen</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Вэнь Фан – доктор философских наук (1994), профессор социальной психологии и социологии религии (с 2005 г.), заместитель декана Академии религиоведения Пекинского университета, факультет социологии Пекинского университета</p><p>Бэй-Цзин 100871</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Wen Fang – PhD (Philosophy) (1994), Professor of Social Psychology and Sociology of Religion (since 2005), Vice Dean of Academy of Religious Studies of Peking University, Department of Sociology</p><p>Beijing 100871</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">fangw@pku.edu.cn</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Университет Миньцзу</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Minzu University of China</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Пекинский университет</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Peking University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>12</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>5</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>88</fpage><lpage>98</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Чжао М., Фан В., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Чжао М., Фан В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zhao M., Fang W.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://discourse.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/285">https://discourse.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/285</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье рассматривается актуальная проблема идентификации человека с тем или иным сообществом и принадлежности к нему.  Авторы убеждены, что среди всех существующих типов различных сообществ именно принадлежность человека к сообществу политическому должна являться приоритетной и доминировать над всеми иными территориальными, этническими, религиозными, языковыми разногласиями. Однако преданность верующих международному религиозному сообществу, у которого не существует официальных границ, может оказаться сильнее их преданности государству как основному политическому институту. Следовательно, верующие могут стать мощной центробежной силой, которая будет являться угрозой политической солидарности. Авторы определяют этот конфликт как необходимость выбора «верующий» или «гражданин», создающего серьезные проблемы в деле национального строительства в Китае. Исходя из концепции связанной идентичности, авторы анализируют и объясняют существующее противоречие «верующий» или «гражданин» с позиции одновременного включения человека в различные социальные группы. Авторы предполагают, что такой подход, содержащий анализ одновременного членства индивида в нескольких социальных группах, является обоснованным при решении данной проблемы. В заключение авторы приходят к выводу, что религия обладает множеством возможностей для воспитания гражданских добродетелей. Этические принципы, такие как доброта, терпимость и сочувствие, широко проповедуемые различными религиями, действительно стали общепризнанными человеческими добродетелями. В этом смысле верующие также могут быть и достойными гражданами своего государства, исполняя одновременно свои религиозные и гражданские обязанности, что не будет противоречить одно другому.  С другой стороны, для религиозных фундаменталистов жесткие нормы религиозной доктрины могут препятствовать их общественно-политической жизни как граждан. Авторы считают, что вопросы о том, как создать общественные институты, основанные на честности и справедливости, как определить надежные и верные стратегии формирования личности, способствующие самоидентификации этой личности, на основе гражданства и препятствовать самоидентификации ее на основе экстремистских религиозных движений, а также как использовать религиозную идентичность для создания на ее основе гражданской идентичности, являются важнейшими в государственном строительстве.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article discusses the priority of belonging to a particular community and identification with it. The authors believe that among the entire set of communities, membership in political groups should be a priority, and their membership in state political communities should be higher than territorial, ethnic, religious, linguistic and other differences. However, the devotion of religious believers to an international religious community that does not know official state borders can exceed their devotion to the state as the main political institution. Consequently, they can become a centrifugal force that threatens the solidarity of political unity. The authors define this conflict as the “believer-citizen” dilemma, which poses serious challenges in the field of nation building in China. Based on the concept of related identities, the article analyzes and explains the existing dilemma “believer – citizen” from the position of simultaneous inclusion in various social groups. The authors suggest that such an approach, involving the analysis of membership in several social groups, is useful for constructing solutions to this dilemma. In conclusion, the authors conclude that religion has many opportunities for the upbringing of civic virtues. Ethical principles such as kindness, tolerance, and empathy are widespread in various religions, and they have indeed become universally recognized human virtues. In this sense, believers can also be good citizens and at the same time fulfill their religious and civic duties, which will not contradict each other. For religious fundamentalists, on the other hand, an extreme form of religious identity can undermine their social life. How to create institutions based on honesty and justice, how to build reliable and correct strategies for constructing identities in order to promote self-identification from citizenships and reduce identification based on extreme religious movements, as well as how to use religious identity to create a civic identity on its basis – these are the biggest problems in state building.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>необходимость выбора</kwd><kwd>«верующий» или «гражданин»</kwd><kwd>адгезивная идентичность</kwd><kwd>принадлежность к различным сообществам</kwd><kwd>духовный капитал</kwd><kwd>жизненный капитал</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>believer-citizen dilemma</kwd><kwd>adhesive identities</kwd><kwd>multiple group memberships</kwd><kwd>spiritual capital</kwd><kwd>life capital</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Habermas J., Struggles for Recognition in the Democratic Constitutional State // Examing the Politics of Recognition / in Gutmann, A. 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