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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">discourse</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Дискурс</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Discourse</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2412-8562</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-7777</issn><publisher><publisher-name>СПбГЭТУ «ЛЭТИ»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32603/2412-8562-2019-5-3-99-111</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">discourse-240</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЯЗЫКОЗНАНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LINGUISTICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Звукоизобразительная лексика в «Беовульфе»</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Sound imitative words in Beowulf</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Флаксман</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Flaksman</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Флаксман Мария Алексеевна – кандидат филологических наук, доцент кафедры иностранных языков</p><p>ул.  Профессора Попова, д. 5, Санкт-Петербург, 197376</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maria A. Flaksman – Candidate of Philological Sciences, Associate Professor at the Department of Foreign Languages</p><p>5, Professor Popov str., 197376, St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">maria.alexeevna@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский государственный электротехнический университет «ЛЭТИ» им. В. И. Ульянова (Ленина)</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University «LETI»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>06</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>5</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>99</fpage><lpage>111</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Флаксман М.А., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Флаксман М.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Flaksman M.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://discourse.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/240">https://discourse.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/240</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Посвящена подробному рассмотрению звукоизобразительной (звукоподражательной и звукосимволической) лексики англо-саксонской поэмы «Беовульф». «Беовульф» является одним из наиболее известных произведений, написанных на древнеанглийском языке. Исследование посвящено количественному и контекстуальному рассмотрению звукоизобразительной лексики в тексте поэмы. В ходе исследования также проводится всесторонний диахронический анализ используемых в «Беовульфе» звукоизобразительных лексем.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Исследование проводилось на материале оригинального текста англо-саксонской поэмы «Беовульф», написанной на древнеанглийском языке. Методами исследования являлись метод сплошной выборки, сопоставительный анализ, этимологический анализ. Для установления звукоизобразительного происхождения слов применялся метод фоносемантического анализа.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты исследования</title><p>Результаты исследования. Показано, что текст содержит 43 звукоизобразительные лексемы, использованные 143 раза в трех типах контекста: 1) для описания шума битвы; 2) для описания плача и скорби; 3) для описания пения и игры на музыкальных инструментах. Только 15 (и 35 %) древнеанглийских звукоизобразительных слов сохранились в современном английском.</p></sec><sec><title>Обсуждение</title><p>Обсуждение. Такое массовое исчезновение древнеанглийских звукоподражаний можно объяснить следующими факторами: 1) их последующей заменой французскими звукоподражаниями; 2) их принадлежностью к поэтическому языку; 3) их позднейшей заменой новыми, английскими звукоподражаниями. Последнее кажется наиболее вероятным. Выдвинутая нами ранее гипотеза звукоизобразительного круговорота объясняет смену звукоизобразительной лексики естественными эволюционными процессами, происходящими в языке, – постепенным размыванием подобия между формой и значением звукоизобразительных слов в результате семантического развития и регулярных фонетических изменений, которые вместе приводят к утрате экспрессивности и последующей необходимости создания новых звукоизобразительных лексем.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Исследование показало, что звукоизобразительный лексикон английского языка имеет глубокие исторические корни, а также проиллюстрировало его общую тенденцию к изменчивости и развитию.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. This article is devoted to the study of imitative (onomatopoeic and mimetic) lexicon of the Anglo-Saxon poem Beowulf. The poem is, probably, the most well-known work of Anglo-Saxon literature, characterized by its archaic language as well by its expressivity. The study focuses on quantitative and contextual analysis of the imitative words found in the poem from diachronic perspective.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. Methods for the research include the method of continuous sampling, etymological analysis, historical-comparative analysis, elements of quantitative analysis, and the method of phonosemantic analysis. The study is conducted on the material of the full unabridged version of the Anglo-Saxon poem Beowulf written in Old English.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The results have revealed that all imitative words in the poem can be divided into three major semantic categories: 1) words denoting sounds of battle; 2) words denoting grief; 3) words denoting singing and playing musical instruments. There are altogether 43 imitative words identified in Beowulf, used 134 times. The calculations have shown that only 15 (or 35 %) out of them have been preserved since Old English.</p></sec><sec><title>Discussion</title><p>Discussion. We suggest the following reasons for the possible obsolesce of the Old English imitative words: 1) their replacement by the French loans, 2) their belonging to poetic language and subsequent fall out of use, 3) their replacement by other, newly-coined English imitative words. The last argument we deem as the most probable. The iconic treadmill hypothesis introduced earlier explains that the mass obsolesce of the Beowulf’s imitative words might have been caused by natural, evolutionary processes – regular sense and meaning development leading to the expressivity loss and overall de-iconization of the language’s imitative lexicon.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. The study of the poem demonstrated the diversity and dynamic nature of the English imitative lexicon as well as revealed the underlying tendency of imitative words’ de-iconization and replacement on the later stages of the language’s development.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>звукоизобразительность</kwd><kwd>иконичность</kwd><kwd>древнеанглийский</kwd><kwd>этимология</kwd><kwd>деиконизация</kwd><kwd>ономатопея</kwd><kwd>звукоподражание</kwd><kwd>звуковой символизм</kwd><kwd>«Беовульф»</kwd><kwd>фоносемантика</kwd><kwd>англосаксонская поэзия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Iconicity</kwd><kwd>Old English</kwd><kwd>etymology</kwd><kwd>de-iconization</kwd><kwd>onomatopoeia</kwd><kwd>sound symbolism</kwd><kwd>Beowulf</kwd><kwd>phonosemantics</kwd><kwd>Anglo-Saxon poetry</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Abelin Å. 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