Social Portrait of a Modern Student

described as ambitious: starting a business, acquiring a car and housing, providing material wealth, pursuing career success and self-realization. Conclusion. Most of the “indigenous” youth and “new” residents of the southern capital of Russia have shown their attitude to Sevastopol as a city that they want to develop together. This fact was assessed as a phenomenon of social gratitude: the young generation, who found in Sevastopol the opportunity to live peacefully and fulfill itself, binds itself to the city, but wants to make it better. The study also confirms the relevance of highlighting among students social and demographic groups that differ in the perception of social reality, due to the time spent in this social environment. In particular, this is noted in a higher degree of readiness of “old-timers” for practical participation in changes in social reality – participation in public life, volunteering, etc.

Researchers document some stable trends in the social portrait of modern students. The main trend is a fundamental change of the paradigm of student's social formation, its cultural, moral, ideological content. Further, students have a steady desire to obtain higher education, based on pragmatic interest in upcoming activities and profession; transforming ideas about gender differences in professions, eliminating the distinctions, for example, in the economic and technical fields. The features of obtaining higher education in urban and rural conditions cause a number of problems. The problems of education of children from rich and poor families, from families of peasant, workers, and intellectuals are becoming socially acute.
New problems of students' value systems arising in the conditions of modern Russia can make up a rather long list. The study of the consequences of informatization deserves the attention. The constant transformations in the value-meaning structures of young generation in the modern world take place under the influence of the development of new information technologies and means of communication, new world views and the conditions of social everyday life. In such periods the social subjectivity of the young generation is manifested most fully, and these manifestations are significant for formation of new trends in the portrait of a student. New social conditions, the reaction of young people to the events of economic and political life puzzle the authorities and expert communities, which carry out social research of young generation. It is obligatory to take into account and investigate these changes; otherwise it threatens not only tensions and generational conflicts, but also political instability and social disorientation of society.
Changes taking place at a time of sharp transformations of social and political spheres of public life are especially relevant for the students' systems of values. In particular, such changes are observed in the Crimea. The reunification of Crimea and Russia has made the study of the social portrait of the young generation of Sevastopol actual, as their attitudes were formed in various social environments: partly in the Ukrainian period and now, in new historical conditions, in the Russian Federation. This process crucially influences on the social portrait of a young Sevastopol citizen, on his consciousness, on his system of meanings and values, on his attitude to himself and to his generation.
Methodology and sources. The concept of youth as a cultural group serves as the theoretical foundation for this study (E. Spranger, R. Benedict, B. Malinovsky, M. Mead, J. G. Mead and others). The idea formed by M. Mead that in certain eras, the way of transferring cultural codes from older generations to younger ones can be replaced by the equality of generations, when young people cannot rely on the experience of older people to achieve success in life, and even opposite, elders need knowledge of young people and their vision of the world, they listen to younger people, is important for our analysis of the social portrait of young people in transformational conditions [1].
A separate scientific interest for our research is the methodology of sociological study of risk and social uncertainty (U. Beck [2], [3], A. Giddens [4], [5], N. Luhmann [6]). The collaboration of the topics of risk society and social development of youth makes it possible to use the riskological concept of youth, which opens the prospects for understanding of modern social phenomena and processes in formation of the social portrait of the young generation.
Within the frames of our study, we addressed to the works of Russian researchers in the field of youth M. K. Gorshkov, Yu. A. Zubok, I. M. Ilyinsky, A. I. Kovaleva, V. A. Lukova, E. L. Omelchenko, V. I. Chuprova, F. E. Sheregi. The most worthwhile publication focused on the theoretical and methodological approach of structural functionalism is the study by M. K Gorshkov and F. E. Sheregi "Youth of Russia: a sociological portrait" [7]. A number of recent scientific papers present a broader understanding of empirical material used for the development of the program of the research, which reflects new aspects of the social life of young people, in particular, the results of studying risks to which new generations are exposed [8], new phenomena of youth subcultures.
Results and discussion. The purpose of the research was to study the social portrait of the young generation of the Sevastopol city and was disclosed through the solution of the following tasks: identification of life goals and plans of the young generation of the Sevastopol city; determination of the rating of problems of the young generation of the Sevastopol city; analysis of the social interests of young people living in Sevastopol city; analysis of the level of sociopolitical activity of the young generation of the Sevastopol city.
The method of interviewing using the face to face technique of collecting information is the method for collecting of information for this study.
The sample totaled 1 000 people taking into account the statistical error equal to 3 % and was based on the quota principle of respondents' selection, relying on the statistical data of Sevastopol statistic office on 01.01.2015 and the available statistical distribution by gender and age groups. According to the statistics of Sevastopol statistic office on 01.01.2015, the young population of the city of Sevastopol aged from 14 to 30 years old totaled 86 862 people. The design of the sample was based on the quota principle of selecting respondents, in particular by gender and age (distribution of groups from 14 to 30 years: 14-16, 17-19, 20-22, 23-25, 26-30). The sample totaled 1 000 people. The quota distribution is shown in table 1. The survey involved 41 % of man and 59 % of women. The largest groups by age were young people aged from 17 to 19 years (44 %), the second placethe age group from 20 to 22 years (22 %), and the third placethe group from 26 to 30 years (11 %).
Most of our respondents (63 %) had incomplete higher education, 15 % graduated from high school, 9 % had intermediate vocational education, and 8 % did not graduate from high school. The majority of those who took part in the survey are university students and college students (79 % and 14 %, respectively).
Evaluating their own financial opportunities, young people answered that the main sources of their income are money obtained from parents (65 %), temporary and periodic earnings (26 %) and scholarships (24 %), while half respondents (48 % ) outlined that their the average monthly income was 6 000 rubles and less.
Before proceeding to the analysis of the results of the study, we would like to stop on some of the identified characteristics of the sample. In particular, on the distribution of the sample according to the time spent in Sevastopol city. Half of our respondents were those who have lived in Sevastopol since birth (42 %) or moved here in early childhood (9 %). The second half of our respondents does not belong to the "indigenous" residents of the federal center: 32 % of the respondents moved to Sevastopol after 2014 due to admission to a local university and 6 % due to personal reasons; 6 % of respondents moved to Sevastopol shortly before 2014 due to admission to a local university and 5 % of respondents due to personal reasons. Thus, we distinguished two groups of young people according to their period of residence in Sevastopol: "indigenous"those who live in Sevastopol from birth or moved here at an early age, and "new"those who moved to Sevastopol recently due to admission or for personal reasons, shortly before and after 2014.
Challenging issues of the younger generation. Higher education is the most urgent problem for young people. On the second place is the solution of financial issues, on the thirdemployment, then the problem of self-realization, successful sessions completion and creation of a family (table 2). Long-term and short-term life goals of younger generation. More than half of the responding young people (58 %) indicated that they would like to get higher education in next five years. On second place in the list of immediate life tasks, 47 % of respondents have a desire to get a job. The third place in the rating of life plans of Sevastopol younger generation is shared (by 34 %) by such ambitious desires as starting their own business and buying a car, thenbuying a house (30 %). In the next five years, 27 % of surveyed young Sevastopol citizens seek to create a family ( fig. 1).
Moreover, it is necessary to focus on the fact that for a modern young Sevastopol citizen, creation of a family is not a priority task for the next five years, but acts as a main life strategy: achieving a happy family life is important for 69 % of respondents. On the second place in the ranking of strategic life goals are material (ensuring material wealth -48 %) and professional (building a successful career -41 %). Self-realization as a strategic goal is significant for 36 % of respondents. For a third of respondents (28 %), high quality of health is important ( fig. 2). To go for a trip To start a family To purchase the accommodation To purchase a car To start a business To get a job To obtain higher education When asking the younger generation about on whom they rely when achieving their short-term and long-term goals, the vast majority (90 %) said that they rely on themselves and on their strengths. Half of the respondents (45 %) expect support from relatives and family. 13 % of respondents expect the support from friends and acquaintances. A tiny fraction of the respondents (3 %) rely on government support in solving their problems.
Planned areas of employment. 41 % of respondents plan to start their own business, which indicates the ambitiousness of the young generation of the Sevastopol citizens and their willingness to work and realize, setting great goals. 24 % of respondents intend to work in the entertainment and hotel business sector, 20 % in the financial and banking sectors (table 3), as well as in the field of law and jurisprudence -22 %, in the public sector -17 %, in the ITtechnology and programming -12%, focused on military service 12 % of respondents.    Popular topics in the media. The most popular interests of young people in mass media and networks are art and cinema (44 %), leisure and entertainment (34 %), news (29 %), sports (24 %), fashion and style (19 %), informative shows (18 %), education and science (18 %) and politics (13 %). Thus, we can say that young generation of Sevastopol city as a whole is interested in positively-entertaining topics and, and in particular, the interest in art and cinema can be used in working with younger generation, but applying methods of youth involvement in the events taking into account the increased ambitiousness of the younger generation (table 5). Attitude to alcohol, drugs and obsessive habits. The vast majority of respondents do not consider the use of light (85 %) and hard drugs (96 %) acceptable. Alcohol use is considered unacceptable by 42 % of respondents, but 40 % of respondents regard alcohol consumption without objection. Smoking is considered inadmissible by 57 % of respondents, but almost a third (28 %) have normal attitude towards smoking. 64 % of respondents are negative about visiting gambling establishments, but 18 % of respondents consider visiting gambling establishments acceptable ( fig. 4).  Participation in urban development projects. 38 % of the responding young people are willing to personally participate in city development projects. This group comprises 46 % of the "indigenous" Sevastopol city residents and 36 % of the "new" residents of Sevastopol city. Half of the respondents (49 %) did not think about participating in urban development projects. They represent the so-called "youth passive", which consists of 54 % of the "indigenous" Sevastopol city and 30 % of the "new". Only 12 % of respondents are not ready to participate in development projects of Sevastopol city. To the question "What is Sevastopol for you?" 62 % of Participation in volunteer programs (projects) and movements respondents said that they regard it as a city that they want to develop together; among them are 34 % of "indigenous" youth and 36 % of "new". Conclusion. Analyzing the problems, strategic life goals, interests and attitudes of Sevastopol city young generation, we can note that young people are concerned, first of all, with higher education, financial security through employment, self-realization and formation of family.
In order to understand what mechanisms to use for the successful integration of Sevastopol young generation, it is necessary to analyze the tasks that young people set themselves. Among the short-term life goals of Sevastopol younger generation are higher education, a desire to get a job, open a business, purchase a car and accommodation. The inclusion of such long-term personal goals as the acquisition of movable and immovable property in short-term tasks shows the increased ambitions of our young generation. The longterm life tasks of young Sevastopol citizens include achieving happiness in family life, material wealth, career success and self-realization.
The answer to the question in which area young Sevastopol people want to work, once again confirmed our conclusion about the ambitiousness of Sevastopol young people. Almost half of the respondents plan to start their own business, and the main criteria for choosing the profession is its prestige and decent pay.
The revealed attitude of young people to Sevastopol became noteworthy: the majority assesses it as a city that one want to develop together. And this attitude is observed not only among "indigenous" young people, but also among "new" residents of the southern capital of Russia. This fact can be assessed as a phenomenon of social gratitude, since young people who arrived after events happened in Ukraine in 2014 and found in Sevastopol an opportunity to live peacefully and fulfill their goals, younger generation want to make the city better, feeling it already their own.
Summing up the consideration of the world of students' value orientations, we want to say that the surge in the activity of these studies in Russian sociology is not accidental. According to the results of the present and other studies, it becomes apparent that the values of students in Russia are more likely to gain differentiation potential than integration potential. Among many factors that stimulate this differentiation, the regional characteristics of the socio-economic order and the political environment in the region have a significant impact on the values orientations of students. Therefore, ensuring of a systematic study of the value orientations of young people will contribute the analysis of dynamic social processes in the student community, the timely fixation and study of new transformations and changes in these values.
In addition, in our opinion, it is scientifically important to achieve the integration of the advantages of the concept of youth as a special cultural group, on the basis of which the present study was conducted, with the methodological foundations of the study of risk society and social uncertainty, a society in which information processes render the most significant impact on the socialization of students. It requires the development of principles that ensure the interconnection of these theories. In particular, sociological research strategies based on the platform of a network approach, which makes it possible to systematize data relevant to the theories discussed above, may become promising in this case. In turn, network data on the values of students can be used both in social work and in the management activities of universities. The pilot studies carried out in this direction show certain positive results of such work.